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  • Orsini, Matt, Kyle Ponterio and Jeremy Bostwick, The January 2023 NYINC Auction: Ancient Coins, World Coins & Paper Money, featuring the Taraszka Collection and the Mark and Dottie Salton Collection, Costa Mesa, CA: Stack's Bowers LLC, 2022.
  • Bitkin, Vladimir, Composite Catalogue of Russian Coins, Part I (1699-1740), Kiev: Moneta, 2003.
  • Brekke, B. F., The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917, New York, Galerie des Monnaies, 1977, with 1987 supplement.
  • Byrne, Ray, Coins and Tokens of the Caribees, Decatur, IL: Jess Peters, Inc., 1975.
  • Pridmore, F., The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations to the end of the Reign of George VI 1952: Part 3, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras and the British West Indies, London: Spink & Son, 1965.
  • Stickney, Brian, A Monetary History of Central America, New York: American Numismatic Society, 2017.
  • Craig, William D., Germanic Coinages: Charlemagne through Wilhelm II, Mountain View, CA: 1954.
  • Cuhaj, George S., and Thomas Michael, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700, 6th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2014.
  • Davenport, John S., European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed., London: Spink & Son, 1964.
  • Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg, Gold Coins of the World, From Ancient Times to the Present, 9th ed., Clifton, NJ: Coin and Currency Institute, 2017.
  • Harris, Robert P., Guidebook of Russian Coins, 1725 to 1970, Santa Cruz, CA: Bonanza Press, 1971.
  • Michael, Thomas, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
  • Michael, Thomas, and Tracy L. Schmidt, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1801-1900, 9th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2019.
  • Michael, Thomas, and Tracy L. Schmidt, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2001-Date, 13th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2018.

This specimen was lot 21354 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted,

"CEYLON. Dutch Ceylon - Portuguese Goa. Galle. Tanga, ND (ca. 1655). Galle Mint. NGC EF-45. cf. KM-56 (for 2 Tangas); cf. Sch-1265 (for 2 Tangas). Issued by council resolution 19 April 1655. Type II countermark "GALL" monogram within incuse circle. Countermark applied to the obverse of a 1643-G A Tanga from Portuguese Goa of Joao IV (KM-10). The countermark is bold and clear on the nicely preserved host displaying rich attractive mottled gray patina. The present survivor is a rather RARE example and far superior than normally encountered featuring the type II countermark upon this particular host, with the other two countermarks being variations of the VOC seal for the cities of Colombo and Jaffna. This seldom encountered

GALL stood for Galle, a city on the southwest coast of Ceylon. Given Portuguese activity on the island, coinage from fellow colonies were imported for use. Some issues, such as the present piece, were specifically struck for exporting to Ceylon while others made their way to the island through commerce. Following the Dutch East India's successful campaign to drive out the Portuguese from the island in the mid-17th century (Galle 1640, Colombo 1656 and Jaffna 1658), coinage was subsequently countermarked for the new authority. The prevailing rate for Indo-Portuguese coins then in circulation was 5, 6 and 10 Stivers and were to be countermarked with the cities monogram. Due to large amounts of counterfeits in circulation all coins were inspected by a competent goldsmith and if found to genuine were countermarked."

This specimen was lot 21416 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,600. The catalog description[1] noted,

"MONTSERRAT. Montserrat - Mexico. 12 Dog (2 Bitts - 1/4 Dollar), ND (ca. 1785-1801). George III. PCGS VG-10, Countermark: EF Details. KM-11.3; Prid-2. Countermark: Couped cross within shaped indent. Applied to the obverse of a 1766-Mo M Mexico pillar 2 Reales of Charles III (KM-87). This handsome and charming little silver minor coin boasts even wear displaying light attractive mottled gray tone with a slight iridescent sheen near the edges. The countermark is bold and complete on a well-worn and seldom encountered host. Pleasing to the eye, this VERY RARE host coin offers much originality with even wear and attractive patina. It is interesting to note that the Couped cross design primarily appears on bust coinage and cut fractions with few examples being documented on earlier milled coinage such as pillar issues."

This specimen was lot 21424 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description[1] noted,

"NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES. Java (under Dutch East India Company) - Netherlands. Ducat, ND (ca. 1753-61). Batavia Mint. PCGS Genuine--Ex Jewelry, VF Details. Fr-7; KM-185; Sch-438A; Jasek-pg. 80 = Rijksmuseum # KOG-MP-1-4710; SS-C.20. Mintage: 11,450. Issued by local ordinance 13 December 1753, ceasing 1761. Countermark: "Djawa" (Java) within circular indent. Applied to the obverse of a 1750 Holland Ducat (KM-12.3). The countermark is bold and clear on a well worn host displaying pale golden coloration on the obverse while the reverse exhibits a more of a sunset hued patina. Close inspection reveals evidence of being removed from jewelry as indicated on the PCGS label. Despite its shortcomings a presentable and affordable example of a type that seldom appears on the market that is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters.

According the Scholten, the mint at Batavia ceased coinage production by 1751 due to increasing numbers of counterfeits entering circulation. In late 1753, countermarking of Ducats with reeded edges began revaluing them at 6 Guilders 12 Stivers while the coins without the new "Djawa" mark were valued at only 6 Guilders. The intent of this added mark was to prevent the importation and exportation of good specie by private individuals. Later another local ordinance 8 January 1760 stated counterfeits without reeded edges bearing counterfeited "Djawa" countermarks were in circulation. By order of the home office, countermarking ceased in 1761."

This specimen was lot 22151 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $15,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "Elegant 4 Ducats Novodel of Michael I Feodorovich, RUSSIA. Gold 4 Ducats Novodel, ND ("1613-45") (struck ca. 19th Century). St. Petersburg Mint. Michael I Feodorovich. NGC MS-63. Fr-27; Kaim-1410. Both sides of this engaging later striking feature a crowned imperial double eagle, with the difference being the design of the shield on the breast feathers. While one side exhibits St. George on horseback slaying the dragon, the other displays what appears to be a unicorn. This latter imagery, however, likely relates to Russian folklore, in which the "indrik-beast" (индрик-зверь) is believed to be the king of all animals, having the body of a bull, the legs of a deer, the head of a horse, and a horn near its snout--ultimately yielding a pseudo-unicorn flair. Quite sharply struck and exceptionally brilliant, with charming eye appeal and a great deal of RARITY."

This specimen was lot 22205 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $28,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "Rare and Enticing Ruble Pattern Novodel, RUSSIA. Silver Ruble Pattern Novodel, 1807. St. Petersburg Mint. Alexander I. PCGS Genuine--Scratch, Unc Details. KM-Pn72; Bit-H672 (R2). A very elusive Novodel of the famous 1807 Pattern, this example provides strong details and much reflectivity, despite the noted scratch on the obverse. Some evidence of an understruck type is seen, perhaps an 8 Reales, though it is impossible to fully confirm the type. A piece that is certain to achieve much excitement amongst the numerous Russian coin collectors. From the Sigma Collection."

This specimen was lot 22207 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $26,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "Elegantly Toned and Original Ruble Pattern Novodel, RUSSIA. Silver Ruble Pattern Novodel, ND ("1808"). St. Petersburg Mint. Alexander I. PCGS SPECIMEN-55. KM-Pn80; Bit-H682. Plain edge. A VERY RARE pattern Novodel striking that features a rather elongated bust of Alexander I, this pleasingly toned and only lightly handled example presents a great opportunity for the advanced collector of such issues. Displaying just a slight degree of wear upon the high points and some subtle cabinet friction in the fields, it exudes tremendous quality and mystique, with some burnished amber hints around the devices merely augmenting is strong eye appeal that much more. From the Sigma Collection."

This specimen was lot 23048 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,160. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Olmutz. Taler, 1722. Kremsier Mint. Wolfgang von Schrattenbach. NGC MS-63. Dav-1218; KM-414. A stunningly charming Taler, the present example delivers sharp strike and limited evidence of handling or marking on the surfaces. Frosty white and escaping incredibly attractive in its present condition, examples are almost never preserved at this grade level. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 23049 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,200. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Paar. 1/2 Taler, 1771. Vienna Mint. Johann Wenzel. NGC MS-62. KM-1. Mintage: 700. A supremely attractive near-Choice example, this handsome Half-Thaler yields a beautiful strike and much retained mint glossiness throughout. Mottled toning coats the surfaces, and the intricate design elements are fully applied on flan. Escaping any harsh marking or handling, we expect much in the way of competitive bids for this lovely example."

This specimen was lot 23087 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $21,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "Extremely Rare Klippe in Gold from the Period of the Nordic Seven Years' War, DENMARK. Ducat Klippe, 1564. Copenhagen (Bremerholm) Mint. Frederik II. NGC AU-53. Fr-22; H-4. Mintage: 1,399. 3.23 g. Nordic Seven Years' War issue. Obverse: Crowned and garnished coat-of-arms; Reverse: I / DOG / KATE / 1564 in four lines. Already a VERY RARE issue on account of its rather paltry mintage figure, this type is that much more difficult to encounter, with what appears to be an exceptionally low survival rate. Quite accordingly, just one other example has been seen at NGC (an MS-61 that realized a total of nearly $22,000 in early 2021), though one which, despite the somewhat higher grade, undoubtedly appears far less attractive than the present example with respect to overall surface quality and allure. As such, the offering featured here should assuredly be seen as a premium-quality example that will tantalize the advanced collector of world gold or emergency-related strikings."

This specimen was lot 23089 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. 1/2 Ducat, 1645. Copenhagen Mint. Christian IV. NGC AU-55. Fr-40; KM-138. "Hebrew" type. 1.7 g. So-called on account of the tetragrammaton on the reverse ("Jehovah" or God or four letters in Hebrew), this lightly handled specimen features the king standing on the obverse. Highly brilliant and sporting a golden-yellow hue, and standing as a fairly RARE fractional example of the type. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 23091 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $780. The catalog description[1] noted,

"DENMARK. Largesse 1/6 Specie Daler Klippe, 1648. Frederik III. PCGS AU-58. KM-160; Sieg-66; H-48. 4.76 g. 22 mm x 22 mm. Obverse: Laureate bust of Frederik III right, legend around, date below; Reverse: Incense burner, legend around. The beautifully preserved example is vastly superior than normally encountered from this series and as such should be considered RARE in this state of preservation. The surfaces are smooth displaying lovely dove gray patina with iridescent hues that pop out when tilted in the light adding to its pleasing appearance. Wholly original looking this handsome survivor offers good eye appeal and is sure to catch the attention of quality conscious collectors.

Similar in nature to British Maundy coinage, Largesse issues were given out during coronations and royal funerals. After the death of his father, Christian IV, the opportunity to be elected heir apparent to the Danish throne became apparent to Frederik III. It wasn't until the death of his older brother Christian in June 1647 that the issue was settled. After much deliberation between the Danish Estates and the Rigsraadet (Royal Council) he was finally accepted as successor to the throne. The coronation of Frederik III took place 23 November 1648, but was forced to sign the Haandfaestning charter limiting the royal prerogative in favor of the Rigsraadet."

This specimen was lot 23093 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $31,200. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Shimmering Multiple Ducat with Connection to the Danish Gold Coast in Africa, DENMARK. 2 Ducats, 1688. Copenhagen Mint. Christian V. NGC MS-63+. Fr-167; KM-395.1; H-23B. 6.88 g. Obverse: Draped bust right, wearing plumed helmet and Order of the White Elephant; Reverse: Aerial view of Fort Christiansborg (Osa Castle) on an island and will large, billowing banner flying atop the turret. A VERY RARE and sharply struck specimen, this highly Choice example exudes a near-prooflike nature with its resoundingly brilliant fields and lightly frosted devices. A fairly large die crack is noted on the reverse, though it is easily disregarded, as it clearly happened at the beginning of the mintage for the type, with seemingly all other known examples displaying it as well. Furthering its historical appeal that much more is the fact that it offers a bird's eye view of the Danish outpost on Africa's Gold Coast, Fort Christiansborg, located in what is now Ghana along the Gulf of Guinea."

This specimen was lot 23094 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $9,600. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Rare Danish Ducat with a German Connection, DENMARK. Ducat, 1680. Gluckstadt Mint. Christian V. NGC AU Details--Bent. Fr-141; KM-70.1; H-117. 3.42 g. Struck for Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. Obverse: Laureate, draped, and armored bust right, wearing Order of the White Elephant; Reverse: Crowned monogram triformis. Despite the noted minor flan bend, this RARE and seldom encountered type was issued in Germany for the King's holdings in the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein. Some light wear is observed upon the higher points, with some deeper burnished toning near portions of the peripheries."

This specimen was lot 23095 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,440. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. 2 Kroner, 1693. Copenhagen Mint; mm: heart. Christian V. NGC VF-25. KM-A430; Dav-3647; Sieg-25; H-105. 34.99 g. An always interesting and desirable type given the width and heft in relation to the diameter, this piece yields much charm. Despite some even circulation, this wonderful example is sure to fill a hole in the next collection it enters."

This specimen was lot 23113 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Ecu, 1654-L. Bayonne Mint. Louis XIV. NGC MS-61. Dav-3799; KM-155.10; Gad-202. This charming Mint State specimen delivers strong details and light luster throughout. Plum to amber toning coats the surfaces, only deepening the appeal of the present example."

This specimen was lot 23117 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. 24 Sols (1/5 Ecu), 1770. Pau Mint; mm: cow. Louis XV. NGC MS-64. KM-530; Gad-299A. Struck for the province of Bearn, this exciting example offers the constantly demanded type in wonderful near-Gem condition that is certain to tickle and excite the sensibilities of anyone who collects French coinage. The sole finest yet certified by NGC, this example delivers a rich luster and soft patina that gleams and glistens in the light. A tremendous example that is certain to attract much attention. Ex: Fernand David Collection."

This specimen was lot 23134 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,140. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Nickel 5 Francs Essai (Pattern), 1970. Paris Mint. NGC MS-69. KM-P408; Gad-154.13. Incredibly shimmering and alluring, this dazzling, nearly-flawless specimen presents a razor sharp strike and radiant luster that is seemingly off the charts. A RARE pattern issue, with just one other at this ultimate top spot in the NGC census."

This specimen was lot 23135 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,280. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Gold 5 Francs Piefort, 1971. Paris Mint. NGC PROOF-67. Fr-Unlisted; KM-P432; Gad-154.P3. Mintage: 250. Featuring Roty's classic Art Nouveau semeuse (sower of seeds) design from the late 19th century, this piefort striking in gold offers an abundance of radiance along with a delightful cartwheel nature to the resounding luster."

This specimen was lot 23150 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $8,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 1/2 Pound, ND (1565). London Mint; mm: rose. Elizabeth I. PCGS EF-45. S-2520; Fr-203; N-1994. A wholesome example, this nice piece provides wonderful retained mint brilliance along with good remaining details. The wear on this Half-Pound is light and even across the devices, with much originality yet present. A wonderful specimen for anyone seeking a presentable example of Elizabethan gold."

This specimen was lot 23160 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 1/2 Crown, ND (1644-45). Exeter Mint; mm: rose. Charles I. NGC MS-61. S-3065; N-2550. 13.27 g. Obverse: Charles, holding sword and reins, riding caparisoned horse trotting left; Reverse: Garnished oval coat-of-arms. Always a crude type, this series is almost never encountered in grades of Mint State as is the case here. Some striking weakness is observed, but nevertheless uncirculated and pleasingly toned."

This specimen was lot 23167 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Commonwealth. 6 Pence, 1652. London Mint; mm: sun/-. PCGS MS-61. S-3219; N-2726; KM-389.1. Obverse: St. George's shield within wreath composed of laurel branch and palm frond; Reverse: Two shield bearing St. George's cross (England) and harp (Ireland); VI (mark of value) above. The only Mint State example in the PCGS census, not just for the date, but for the entire Commonwealth 6 Pence series, this exceptional minor presents a pleasing strike upon an enticingly toned flan. Most of the surfaces are gunmetal gray, while a tinge of burnished olive further accentuates the devices. A tremendous opportunity for a superior hammered issue."

This specimen was lot 23168 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Commonwealth. 6 Pence, 1656. London Mint; mm: sun/-. NGC MS-64. S-3219; N-2726; KM-389.1. 3.05 g. Obverse: St. George's shield within wreath composed of laurel branch and palm frond; Reverse: Two shield bearing St. George's cross (England) and harp (Ireland); VI (mark of value) above. The finest certified 6 Pence from the Commonwealth series across both major grading services, this entrancing near-Gem presents a level of toning and surface quality that is RARELY if ever seen for the type."

This specimen was lot 23169 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $870. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Commonwealth. 2 Pence (1/2 Groat), ND (1649-60). London Mint. NGC MS-64. S-3221; KM-388. 0.97 g. Obverse: Two shields bearing St. George's cross (England) and harp (Ireland); II (mark of value) above; Reverse: St. George's shield within wreath composed of laurel branch and palm frond. Presenting a level of quality that is seemingly unheard of for the type, this elegant hammered minor offers a solid strike with an attractive tone that deepens nearer the devices."

This specimen was lot 23176 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, 1679. London Mint. Charles II. NGC AU-58. S-3375; KM-427.1; ESC-545 (prev. 1054). Presenting a fairly darker tone in the fields and with some lighter hues upon the higher points, this barely circulated minor remains quite pleasing and wholesome for the type."

This specimen was lot 23186 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $960. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 6 Pence, 1697-C. Chester Mint. William III. NGC MS-63. S-3543; KM-496.6; ESC-1276. Supremely RARE when preserved this nicely, this Sixpence is the sole finest graded example of this date and variety certified by either PCGS or NGC. Beautifully struck and retaining nice luster, this charming minor is brightened up by wholesome toning near the peripheries. A handsome Choice minor, and worthy of a premium bid from a specialist in British coinage."

This specimen was lot 23187 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 6 Pence, 1697-Y. York Mint. William III. NGC MS-63. S-3536; KM-484.17; ESC-1301 (R2). The finest graded example of this date and variety certified by either PCGS or NGC. Displaying a handsome color and sharp details, the present example delivers wholesome details and essentially no evidence of marking or handling. Good glossiness is retained, on this finest of graded examples. The most elusive branch mint of William III is brought to a new level of preservation by the present specimen."

This specimen was lot 23207 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,640. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Farthing, 1774. London Mint. George III. PCGS MS-64 Red. S-3775; KM-602. The only example for the date to garner the red designation from PCGS, this glistening and wholly shimmering near-Gem exudes tremendous beauty and breathtaking quality, with a dazzling appearance and a rather sharp and well executed strike as well."

This specimen was lot 23259 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "HUNGARY. Taler, 1641-KB. Kremnica Mint. Ferdinand III. PCGS MS-62. Dav-3198; KM-107. Quite impressive and exceptional, this piece--the only such occurrence of the date at PCGS--offers a pleasing strike with great detail, all while some gunmetal gray toning yields to a deeper champagne nature around the devices."

This specimen was lot 23267 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,760. The catalog description[1] noted, "INDIA. Sultans of Malwa. Tanka, AH 839 (1435). Shadiabad Mint. Muhammad Shah I. NGC MS-62. cf. G&G-M12 (for silver Tanka). All known coinage of Muhammad Shah I is EXTREMELY RARE, as he died in the first months of AH 839 with most of his coinage being produced posthumously before the position of his successor was secured. Tankas were struck in both AH 839 and 840, with the 839 issues having the date on the central legends and the 840 examples with the date in the peripheral legends. The present specimen displays a clear date of 839 in the central legends, with most of the peripheral legends also remaining present. In our research we were able to find no other examples of this type trading, with one example in silver dated AH 839 selling at a 2007 Spink auction. No example in gold is featured in The Coins of the Indian Sultanates, with the type being mentioned however on page 432. As such this example must be counted as amongst the RAREST of Sultanate coinage, and a type worthy of intense demand. This example delivers a full strike and shimmer and soft golden luster throughout. Most of the legends are present, and this piece escapes the testmarks that are so prevalent on Sultanate coinage. An impressive type that is virtually unknown in gold presently, and as such we expect many excited bidders seeking to add this Tanka to their holdings."

This specimen was lot 23268 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,980. The catalog description[1] noted, INDIA. Sultans of Malwa. Tanka, ND (AH 839-873 [1436-1469]). Shadiabad Mint. 'Ala al-din Mahmud Shah I. NGC MS-64. FR-634; G&G-M21. 11.04 g. An impressive and wholesome near-Gem, this SCARCE Tanka delivers a refined luster and much sparkling beauty that shimmers throughout the flan. Despite the date being off flan, much in the way of impressive details remains, along with a crisp and fully refined strike."

This specimen was lot 23270 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,920. The catalog description[1] noted, "INDIA. Mughal Empire. Mohur, AH 1092 Year 24 (1680/1). Aurangabad Mint. Aurangzeb. PCGS MS-63. Fr-810; KM-315.11. 10.98 g. Presenting clear dates and a very bold strike, this highly Choice specimen dazzles with tremendous brilliance and a golden-orange hue to the toning."

This specimen was lot 23271 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,360. The catalog description[1] noted, "INDIA. Mughal Empire. Mohur, AH 1159 Year 29 (1746). Shahjahanabad (Delhi) Mint. Muhammad Shah. NGC MS-65. Fr-831; KM-439.4. A wonderful Gem example, the present specimen delivers and exacting strike on the flan of rich golden color. Escaping really any evidence of handling or marking, this beautiful piece deliver all the charm and appeal one could ever want. The date on the NGC holder is unlisted in Krause, though the upper right prong makes it impossible to confirm a definitive AH date of 1159."

This specimen was lot 23272 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,860. The catalog description[1] noted, "INDIA. Datia. Gold Medallic Nazarana 1/2 Mohur, ND (1907-48). Govind Singh (under George VI as Emperor). PCGS MS-61. Fr-1104; KMX-1. Obverse: Bust of the Maharaja facing 3/4th right; Reverse: Arms and supporters. This impressive and handsome elusive princely states issue delivers a full strike and soft gold luster that light scatters light from the surfaces. Some limited evidence of friction and handling accounts for the grade assigned, though this is limited and does not detract from the overall beauty of the example."

This specimen was lot 23273 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "INDIA. Mysore. Rupee, AH 1243 'Year 35' (1827/8). Mysore Mint. Krishna Raja Wodeyar. NGC MS-67. KM C207. In the name of Shah Alam II. Offering quality that is seemingly unheard of, this staggering Gem presents a sharp strike with bold calligraphy, a steely gray color, and tremendously brilliant luster emanating throughout. The regnal year on issues such as this remain a mystery, as there is no correlation of actual royal chronology. As such, it is the AH date that likely indicates the year in which it was struck. Rather interestingly, on this example, the AH date is rendered left to right rather than how it appears on most from the series."

This specimen was lot 23325 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $138,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"The Incredibly Rare Dinar of Shajar al-Durr, "Queen of the Muslims", ISLAMIC KINGDOMS. Mamluks. AV Dinar, AH 648 (1250). al-Qahira (Cairo) Mint. Shajar al-Durr. ANACS AU-55. A-868 (RRR); Balog-1; Zeno-145258. Several Islamic coins are bound to capture immediate attention on account of their elusive RARITY that is implied by their very mention. To this number are the coins of Shajar al-Durr, "Queen of the Muslims". Such coins are so elusive that Album's Checklist of Islamic Coins relays this about her coinage: "Coins of Shajar al-Durr are exceedingly rare and should be considered uncollectible. None have appeared at auction or on fixed price lists in recent decades...none are illustrated in Zeno." While her name is never mentioned on her coinage, the titles are given in feminine declension and this Dinar also bears the honorific title "malkat al-muslimin" ("Queen of the Muslims"). We have only been able to trace two other examples of a Shajar al-Durr Dinar, one permanently impounded in the British Museum collection and one example plated in Balog. The present example is from the same obverse dies as the Balog specimen, with differing reverse dies. This Dinar is rather nicely struck, with most of the script being on the flan, and with just a touch of the periphery cut off. Sparkling golden appeal remains, though for completeness, the edge does appear to show some traces of filing. An example of the highest importance, and an opportunity that is unlikely to present itself again in the foreseeable future.

Little is known about the early life of Shajar al-Durr, however she was purchased as a slave by As-Salih Ayyub before his rise to power as Sultan of Egypt. After she bore him a son she wed As-Salih Ayyub who ruled Egypt from 1240-1249. After his death in November of 1249, Shajar al-Durr kept her husband's death a secret, as Egypt was facing invasion by Louis IX of France and a Crusader Army. News of his death however reached the Crusader Army and they immediately marched on Cairo. Shajar al-Durr agreed to a defensive plan with her generals, and her army put down the Crusader threat. After the defeat of the Seventh Crusade, Shajar al-Durr and the son of the Sultan, Al-Muazzam Turanshah, grappled for power. Turanshah, having offended many in his kingdom, was murdered in 1250, and Shajar al-Durr was installed as Sultana. Despite her elevation, such a prominent position for a woman met resistance, and the Ayyubids in Syria revolted. To quell rebellion, Shajar al-Durr married Izz al-Din Aybak and abdicated the throne to him. He ruled for 7 years until Shajar al-Durr had him murdered. This murder led to Shajar al-Durr's own death in 1257 when she was beaten to death. She was buried in a Mausoleum in Cairo that she helped design."

This specimen was lot 23326 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description[1] noted, "ITALY. Desana. Fiorino d'Oro (Ducat), ND (1598-1641). Antonio Maria Tizzone. NGC VF-35. Fr-247; KM-49; Varesi-545. 3.26 g. Obverse: Imperial double eagle, with crown above and orb on breast; Reverse: Coat-of-arms surmounted by crowned and crested helmet. Imitating the goldgulden of Deventer, this VERY RARE type does exhibit some minor striking weakness and handling, but nevertheless remains wholesome and without issue. From the Augustana Collection. Ex: Stack's (1/2008) Lot 2972 @ $3,500. Ex: Kuenker 96 (9/2004) Lot # 4094 @ €5,000."

This specimen was lot 23346 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "JAPAN. Koban, ND (1837-58). Tempo Era. PCGS AU-55. Fr-15; KM-C22B; JNDA-09-21; JC-03-22. Stamps: kyu/naga. A limitedly worn survivor that displays a plethora of details, this wonderful example is still rather strong and expressive, with much original charm retained. The stamps are bold and show almost no evidence of handling, and the piece maintains an air of beauty about it. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 23347 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "JAPAN. Akita Province. 9 Momme 2 Bu, ND (1863). Manen Era. PCGS AU-53. KM-12; JNDA-09-71; JC-06-2-1. 34.45 g. An exceedingly pleasing example of this popular type, this wonderful example displays limited evidence of handling along with some deep toning throughout the surfaces. A supremely attractive specimen, and one that is sure to command much attention from any specialist in the series."

This specimen was lot 23353 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description[1] noted, "MALAYA. Sumatra. Fort Marlbro. 2 Sukus, AH 1197 (1783). Calcutta Mint. NGC AU Details--Edge Repaired. KM-271; Prid-1. An always demanded type from Sumatra, this piece is one of the RAREST types from what is now Indonesia. Charmingly struck, with only limited wear on the surfaces, this piece presents phenomenally well. Despite the noted edge repair, likely originating from the tooling on the edge and perhaps some filing at 6 o'clock, this remains a premium for the type example, and a piece certain to command attention from any specialis."

This specimen was lot 23360 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $4,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS. Holland. Ducaton (Silver Rider), 1758. Dordrecht Mint. PCGS MS-62. Dav-1827; KM-90.2; Delm-1014. Immensely impressive in such an elevated state of preservation, this enchanting crown presents a wonderful melange of iridescence mostly composed of cobalt, cabernet, magenta, and some hints of olive, all atop a gunmetal gray nature to the silver. A slight degree of peripheral striking weakness is noted, but does not at all detract from the heightened eye appeal."

This specimen was lot 23367 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,080. The catalog description[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS. Batavian Republic. Holland. 3 Gulden, 1797. Dordrecht Mint. PCGS MS-63+. Dav-1850; KM-9.2; Delm-1146. Variety with HOLL. An exceptional grade for the type, and representing the only such instance of the date in the PCGS census, this Choice specimen dazzles with a great deal of brilliance a steely gray tone, all while some subtle hints of iridescence sprinkle throughout."

This specimen was lot 23398 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description[1] noted, "OMAN. Omani Rial, AH 1397 (1976). Qaboos bin Said. NGC PROOF-65 Ultra Cameo. Fr-7; KM-59. Mintage: 1,000. A SCARCE and fully entrancing issue, this exceptional Gem--featuring an aerial view of Fort Buraimi--offers great frosting upon the devices and an immensely alluring mirrored nature to the rather extensive fields."

This specimen was lot 23406 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $7,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "PHILIPPINES. 20 Centimos, 1882. Manila Mint. Alfonso XII. PCGS MS-64. KM-149. A wonderful near-Gem that is VERY RARE in this grade, this enticing specimen delivers a soft radiant luster and much beautiful frosting throughout. Very seldomly interlaced with marking, we expect much competition for the present lot from specialists in Philippines coinage."

This specimen was lot 23437 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,140. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. Tornes (72 Dinheiros), ND (1367-69). Lisbon Mint. Fernando I. NGC EF-45. Gomes-71.01. 3.04 g. Obverse: Coat-of-arms, with rosette to left and right; L above; Reverse: Short cross pattee, with pellet in one quarter. An excellent survivor, this gray-toned example presents a rather deep nature to the color and exhibits very little in the way of actual handling."

This specimen was lot 23447 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 80 Reis (Dobrado), ND (1555-57). Lisbon Mint. Joao III. PCGS AU-58. Cf. Gomes-92. Obverse: Crowned IO III monogram above LXXX (denomination); Reverse: Greek cross, with annulet in each quarter. Exceptionally attractive and alluring, this hammered issue features all details rather well incised and presented, with the centering having been done extraordinarily well also. Most pleasingly toned, with some hints of brilliance remaining in the protected areas and just the slightest degree of gentle handling upon the high points."

This specimen was lot 23450 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $36,000. The catalog description[1] noted, "Very Rare Interregnum Issue from the Regency Period, PORTUGAL. Cruzado (500 Reis), ND (1580). Lisbon Mint. Regents of the Kingdom. NGC MS-62+. Fr-44; Gomes-03.04. 3.78 g. Obverse: Crowned coat-of-arms; Reverse: Voided cross potent. Already a TREMENDOUS RARITY, this incredible survivor offers quality that is almost never encountered in hammered issues, offering a pleasing strike, dazzling brilliance, and an enticing golden-yellow hue. It is difficult to imagine encountering a better specimen any time soon, if ever. The obverse legend presents the issuing authority--not a monarch such as a king or queen, as would normally be the case, but instead the Governors, or Regents, of the Kingdom. This was due to the death of Henry I in 1580, as he had no heirs. As such, these EXTREMELY RARE interregnum issues exists in extremely small quantities and undoubtedly stand out within the Portuguese series."

This specimen was lot 23451 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,360. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 1/2 Moeda (2000 Reis), 1678. Lisbon Mint. Pedro as Prince Regent. NGC AU Details--Reverse Cleaned. Fr-73; KM-116. Emanating from the second year of issue, this SCARCE fractional issue in gold offers a charming overall look no matter the noted cleaning to the reverse."

This specimen was lot 23454 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. Moeda (4000 Reis), 1691. Lisbon Mint. Pedro II. PCGS AU-58. Fr-76; KM-156. Seemingly a lesser encountered date, this near-Mint specimen dazzles with rich, resounding brilliance remaining and flashy nature to the overall surface quality."

This specimen was lot 23463 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,020. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 1000 Reis (Quartinho), 1713-P. Porto Mint. Joao V. NGC EF Details--Cleaned. Fr-99; KM-196. This SCARCE one-year issue presents some moderate cleaning as well as handling, but nevertheless retains solid details and serves as an excellent representative for a difficult emission."

This specimen was lot 23466 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $900. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 1/2 Escudo (800 Reis), 1787. Lisbon Mint. Maria I. NGC EF-45. Fr-115; KM-293. This charming minor in gold--seemingly a one-year type--offers an expressive portrait of the widowed queen. Lightly circulated, it remains wholesome and pleasingly without issue."

This specimen was lot 23478 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,160. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 1/2 Peca (3200 Reis - 2 Escudos), 1821. Lisbon Mint. Joao VI. NGC AU Details--Removed from Jewelry. Fr-129; KM-363. Mintage: 196. The third date in a rather brief series, this specimen boasting the second-lowest mintage among the four dates, does exhibit some evidence of prior use as a jewelry piece. Nevertheless, it represents a great opportunity for a difficult and fairly RARE specimen."

This specimen was lot 23484 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $7,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 5000 Reis, 1845. Lisbon Mint. Maria II. PCGS MS-61. Fr-142; KM-476.1. Mintage: 401. A VERY RARE specimen that boasts a paltry mintage figure, this elegant Mint State specimen presents great brilliance and luster, and stands as the only example of the date seen at PCGS. As such, an incredible opportunity for a type that does not present itself often, and should not be missed by the advanced collector of Portuguese issues, or world gold RARITIES more broadly."

This specimen was lot 23517 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "SIERRA LEONE. 10 Cents, 1805. Birmingham (Soho) Mint. NGC Unc Details--Cleaned. KM-3. Mintage: 6,100. A fairly RARE type without many survivors, this essentially unhandled minor displays no wear across the high points, with some minor cleaning accounting for the details designation. Nevertheless, quite charming and pleasing."

This specimen was lot 23520 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description[1] noted, "SOUTH AFRICA. Pond, 1892. Berlin Mint. NGC MS-63. Fr-2; KM-10.1; Hern-Z44. Variety with double shaft on wagon. A highly Choice example of this first year of issue and sporting a double shaft on the front of the wagon, this specimen radiates with intense brilliance and sports a golden-yellow hue throughout."

This specimen was lot 23526 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "SPAIN. Dobla de la Banda, ND (1406-54)-B. Burgos Mint. Juan II. PCGS Genuine--Environmental Damage, AU Details. Fr-112; Cayon-1513. 4.58 g. Variety without heads on shield. This handsome and wholly original looking survivor boasts a strong nicely centered strike on a fully round planchet with minimal doubling. The legends, save for a letters on the reverse where the tops are just over the edge, are intact and complete. Attractive mottled sun set hued patina adds to its pleasing appearance and originality, though the reverse does exhibit areas of minor encrustation accounting for the details designation. Despite its shortcomings, this SCARCE variety seldom appears on the market and is sure to excite many collectors."

This specimen was lot 23531 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "SPAIN. Cob 4 Escudos, ND (1566-87)-S F. Seville Mint. Philip II. PCGS MS-62. Fr-158; Cal-887 var. (S D). 13.51 g. Extremely appealing and attractive, this nearly-Choice specimen radiates with originality and crispness, with alluring color and eye appeal. Almost never encountered in such a tantalizing state or preservation, making this an example that should generate a great deal of consideration and spirited bidding. From the David Sterling Collection."

This specimen was lot 23550 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,440. The catalog description[1] noted, "SPANISH NETHERLANDS. Brabant. Souverain d'Or (Lion d'Or), 1655. Brussels Mint; mm: head. Philip IV of Spain. NGC AU-58. Fr-107; Delm-179. Though some minor striking weakness is noted in a few spots, this wholesome example remains free from much in the way of handling and sports a golden-yellow hue that intensifies around the devices. From the David Sterling Collection."

This specimen was lot 23553 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description[1] noted, "SWEDEN. 4 Ore, 1575. Johan III. NGC MS-62. KM (MB)-155.1. A tremendous example of the type that sits perched atop the NGC population report, this incredible example delivers a nearly full strike and soft luster throughout. Escaping any signs of friction and bearing only the most limited of marking, this tremendous specimen delivers a wholesome appeal that is certain to attract a plethora of excited bids. About as nice as this issue comes, we expect any specialist in Swedish coinage to bid aggressively to add this piece to their numismatic holdings."

This specimen was lot 23557 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description[1] noted, "Key Date 4 Ducats with Great Beauty, SWEDEN. 4 Ducats, 1838-AG. Stockholm Mint. Carl XIV Johan. NGC MS-62. Fr-85; KM-645. Mintage: 625. A wondrous example and a KEY DATE, boasting the lowest mintage figures for the five dates represented in the series, this alluring, nearly-Choice specimen glistens with tremendous luster and even yields a captivating frosting upon the devices. Undoubtedly a great opportunity for the advanced collector of Swedish gold issues. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 23572 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "SWITZERLAND. St. Gallen. 1/2 Taler Klippe, 1620. PCGS EF-45. KM-60; HMZ-2-898. 14.20 g. 37 mm x 36.7 mm. This handsome survivor exhibits a strong strike, though somewhat flat, with good definition of the fine details and full complete legends. The surfaces are relatively smooth displaying lovely rich cabinet patina that's complemented by subtle iridescent hues with remaining luster in the protected areas. This wholesome and attractive example is pleasing to the eye offering much originality that is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters."

This specimen was lot 23584 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. Ras Al Khaimah. 100 Riyals, 1970. Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qassimi. NGC PROOF-67 Ultra Cameo. Fr-7; KM-12. Mintage: 2,000. 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico. Displaying the Jules Rimet cup, this football-related issue offers intense frosting upon the devices and a rather alluring mirroring to the fields, ultimately creating the ultra cameo look for which it has appropriately garnered the distinction."

This specimen was lot 23585 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. Sharjah. 100 Riyals, AH 1389 (1970). Karlsruhe Mint. PCGS PROOF-68 Deep Cameo. Fr-3; KM-10. A tremendous and nearly flawless specimen, this handsome example displays a crisp strike and deeply cameoed appearance. An elusive modern proof issue."

This specimen was lot 24001 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Mint State Krakow Ducat of Sigismund I, Amongst the Earliest of Poland's Coinage, POLAND. Ducat, 1529-C N. Krakow Mint. Sigismund I. PCGS MS-61. Fr-70; H-CZ-292 (R6); Kop-447 (R6); Kur-82 (R8); Gum-581. 3.45 g. Obverse: Crowned bust of Sigismund I right; Reverse: Crowned arms of Poland. Sitting as one of the earliest issuances of gold coinage from the Kingdom of Poland, this Ducat of Sigismund I stands aloft in an exalted place amongst the pantheon of Polish numismatics. Produced in 1529, this piece is only predated in issuance by a Ducat dated 1528 bearing the same design. In our research, we have found no examples of this date offered since 2000, making it a virtually unheralded piece in Polish coin cabinets, with opportunities to acquire an example being severely limited.

The present Ducat boasts an as made appearance, with no evidence of wear on even the highest elements of the design. Some strike weakness is seen, particularly on the reverse, but this does not impinge upon the overall beauty of the specimen. A rich and verbose golden luster percolates through the surfaces, rippling with immense charm and appeal. A SUPREMELY RARE treasure of Poland's past, and a piece that should not be missed by any specialist in Polish hammered gold. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection."

This specimen was lot 24002 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Rare Sigismund I Danzig Ducat, POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1548. Danzig Mint. Sigismund I. NGC AU-58. Fr-1; H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-7344 (R7); Kur-546; Gum-661. 3.46 g. Obverse: Crowned bust of Sigismund I right; Reverse: Arms of Danzig. A RARITY almost beyond comprehension, with Kopicki estimating a population of 4-6 extant examples yet surviving. The gold Ducat issues of Sigismund I were the first Ducat coinage to arise from Danzig, which would later become famous for its large and often garish donative multiple Ducats.

This example is rather well struck, with a strong allotment of details on both obverse and reverse. Gleaming luster dances artfully from the devices, touching the eyes and adding to the general appeal of this Ducat. Essentially no evidence of wear is spotted on the surfaces, further increasing the charm of the present example. A piece that unites historical importance and beauty of condition, we expect no shortage of bids to spring forth from those seeking to add this Ducat to their numismatic cabinet. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: HANSEATISCHE BRIEFMARKENAUKTIONEN OHG (04/2003) Lot #3."

This specimen was lot 24003 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $63,000. The catalog description[1] noted, "Lustrous Near-Choice Sigismund II Augustus Ducat, POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1550. Danzig Mint. Sigismund II Augustus. NGC MS-62. Fr-2; H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-7373 (R7); Kur-968 (R6); Gum-734. 3.54 g. Obverse: Crowned bust of Sigismund II Augustus right; Reverse: Arms of Danzig. Emanating from the first ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, this Ducat offers exciting condition that is seldom seen. The strike is rather full, with strong details, and a slight doubling effect seen at about 9 o'clock on the obverse. Escaping essentially all evidence of fault or issue, this Ducat stands as a tremendous representative of Augustus' Danzig gold coinage. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: UBS 49 (09/2000) Lot #2331."

This specimen was lot 24004 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $57,600. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Incredibly Rare Livonia Military Marck, POLAND. Livonia. Marck, 1573. Latvia (Dahlholm Castle) Mint. Sigismund II Augustus. PCGS EF-45. H-Cz-580 (R8); Kop-3114 (R8); Kur-1000 (R8); Gum-721. Obverse: Livonian griffin left holding sword aloft; Reverse: Dual shields bearing the arms of Poland and Livonia; date below; denomination above. A numismatic treasure amongst the most singularly interesting pieces from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1573 after the formation of the new Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sigismund II had yet to fully secure his Livonian territories and needed to pursue military pacification. To this end, Sigismund II and his Livonian governor Jan Chodkiewicz employed mercenary soldiers. Needing to pay the soldiers, Sigismund authorized Chodkiewicz to strike coins at Dahlholm Castle, in the denominations of Marck, Half Marck, and Ferd.

The present example is rather attractive, with limited evidence of handling seen. The devices and legends are generally well struck, and the surfaces escape much in the way of circulation. Some disturbances in the surfaces are noticed near the lower obverse peripheral legend, though this is mostly obscured by a layer of old cabinet toning. Kopicki's relative rarity scale suggests that 2-3 examples of the type are known to exist, with one example permanently impounded at the National Museum in Warsaw. Given this RARITY, we expect no shortage of bidders to step forward and seek to add this treasure to their numismatic cabinets. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Leu 70 (10/1997) Lot #6924. Ex: Adolph Hess (06/1920) Lot #991. Ex: Virgil Brand Collection."

This specimen was lot 24005 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Rare Ducat From the Royal Prussian City of Malbork, Unknown to Hutten-Czapski and Called Unique by Kurpiewski, POLAND. Royal Prussia. Ducat, (15)85. Malbork Mint. Stephan Bathori. PCGS AU-50. Fr-Unlisted; H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-3110 (R8); Kur-341 (R8); Gum-837. 3.53 g. Obverse: Crowned and robed bust right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms. Of all the RARITIES offered in the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection, this Ducat from Malbork may stand in a class of its own. Kurpiewski notes that this coin is likely unique, though subsequent research from Dutkowski casts a touch of doubt on that conclusion, with a few other examples potentially known, with one likely permanently impounded in the Hermitage. Whatever the case, this example escaped many of the major Polish collections, notably being absent from the collection of Hutten-Czapski.

Originating from the Malbork Mint in Royal Prussia, perhaps the most elusive of Polish mints to acquire coinage from. Malbork is situated in the area historically known as Royal Prussia, a province of the Kingdom of Poland that was established out of the State of the Teutonic Order after the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466. Royal Prussia retained autonomy within the Kingdom of Poland for over a century, keeping a separate parliament and hosting a large population of native German speakers. This autonomy was annulled by the incorporation of Royal Prussia into Poland in 1569, an event taking place a mere sixteen years prior to the striking of this Ducat. Stephan Bathori was the second monarch to preside over the incorporated Royal Prussia, and this Ducat was struck at the Royal Castle of Malbork, one of the official residencies of the Royal Family. Such a Ducat with a Polish monarch featured would have had much symbolic value, signifying the new governance in Royal Prussia.

A touch of circulation is noticed, though this wear is confined to the highest portions of the design elements. Most of the details, even the finely grained ones, remain, testifying to the attractive nature of this Ducat. Some shimmering glossy brilliance is also noticed, with this trait showing most forcefully in the open fields around the bust. For those collectors of Polish coins looking for the pinnacle of RARITY and desirability, this lot offers that chance, presenting a coin unknown to even Emeric Hutten-Czapski. A Ducat that is an absolute treat to offer, and one deserving of the most passionate bidding. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection."

This specimen was lot 24006 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $156,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Near-Choice Ducat From Vilnius, Judged to be of the Highest Rarity by Kurpiewski, POLAND. Lithuania. Ducat, (15)86. Vilnius Mint. Stephan Bathori. PCGS MS-62. Fr-3; H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-3392 (R7); Kur-333 (R8); Gum-865. 3.5 g. Obverse: Crowned and armored bust of Stephan Bathori right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms flanked by 8 - 6. Assigned the highest rarity score by Kurpiewski, this Ducat from Vilnius balances delicately at the pinnacle of elusiveness for all Polish coins. Whilst all Polish gold from this period is RARE, Ducats from the mints of Riga and Vilnius occupy a special level of desirability. This example features a crowned eagle on the reverse and is significantly more elusive than coins that display an uncrowned eagle. In fact, this particular specimen is the only example we have been able to trace that has been offered at auction, emphasizing its potential uniqueness.

The present Ducat can also add beauty to its list of attributes, with a rich strike that leaves almost no detail wanting. Beautiful luster is retained, only increasing the charm of this example. A few perturbations to the right of the bust are noted for completeness, though these markings are so inconsequential as to hardly warrant a mention. An offering that is certain to excite any advanced specialist in Polish gold. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Hess-Divo 289 (10/2001) Lot #434. Ex: Bank Leu (10/1974) Lot #419."

This specimen was lot 24007 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $132,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Incredible Stephan Bathori Taler From the Vilnus Mint, POLAND. Lithuania. Taler, 1585. Vilnius Mint. Stephan Bathori. PCGS AU-53. H-Cz-6745A (R7); Kop-3391 (R7); Kur-330 (R8); Gum-864. Obverse: Crowned and armored bust of Stephan right, holding scepter in his left hand; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of Poland and Lithuania, date flanking. An INCREDIBLE RARITY from the Vilnius Mint, this Taler stands as one of the most challenging European Crowns ever produced in terms of collectability. This example retains exceptional details, with almost no evidence of handling noticed on the surfaces. Much beautiful luster is retained, along with an almost glowing ambiance of toning. An entrancing coin, that would serve as a capstone piece in any collection of Polish issues, or among European crowns more generally. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Kunker 64 (03/2001) Lot #3235."

This specimen was lot 24008 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Massive 10 Ducats of Sigismund III, From the Rare Malbork Mint, POLAND. Royal Prussia. 10 Ducats, (15)93. Malbork Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. Fr-Unlisted; H-Cz-7273 (R8); Kop-1434 (R8); Kur-1737 (R8); Gum-1347. 35.03 g. Obverse: Crowned and enrobed bust of Sigismund III right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of arms. Certainly garish and showy, this 10 Ducat of Sigismund III does not lack for appeal and wow factor. Produced at the Malbork Mint, perhaps the most elusive of Polish mints, the function of this 10 Ducats appears to be dissimilar from other multiple Ducats of Sigismund III, which were almost certainly donative in nature. Instead, as recorded by Zagorski, these pieces were produced pursuant to an order of Jan Firley, treasurer of the Polish Crown that authorized Malbork to produce 5 and 10 Ducats for the Royal casket to be paid out as salaries by the King.

We were able to trace no other example of this type and date, and this silence points very strongly to the conclusion that almost no examples survive to the present day. Given this reality, one most accept any example of the type that comes along, with this example fitting that bill admirably, despite the noted cleaning. The details remain sharp, with just a limited amount of wearing on the devices. Some scattered marks are seen in the open fields, though these are not aggressive nor defacing. A supremely elusive issue of Polish numismatics, and a piece assured of a plethora of bids. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection."

This specimen was lot 24009 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $132,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Phenomenal Dually-Dated Donative Danzig 10 Ducats, Rich With Original Mint Luster, POLAND. Danzig. Donative 10 Ducats, 1613/1614-S A. Danzig Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS AU-55. Fr-5; H-Cz-1308 (R2); Kop-Unlisted; Kur-2331 (R5); Gum-Unlisted. 35.13 g. Engraved by Samuel Ammon. Obverse: Crowned, collared, and enrobed bust right in heavily ornamented garnishing, wearing Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece; engraver's initials (SA) and date within ornamentation; Reverse: Coat-of-arms of Danzig surmounted by cherub; supporting ornamentation below with date within, second date below; all within garlanding encircled by the legend. Immediately provoking a sense of awe and wonderment, this incredible donative 10 Ducats displays a level of artistry that is worthy of the finest of galleries. Engraved by Samuel Ammon, whose work would be immortalized on the 1621 100 Ducats of Sigismund III. Ammon was a master engraver, and the care he took to painstakingly apply the finely-grained details of the bust and arms of Danzig offer support for this piece being denotative in nature, likely to be given to nobility or a dignitary.

The immaculate engraving is fully rendered on the broad planchet, with an intensity of details coming through rather forcefully. Vivid original orange peel luster is retained, giving this example the appearance of a Mint State specimen at first glance. Any traces of rub are limited to the highest elements of the design, indicating this piece was put away long ago and revered. The slightest hint of friction on the surface is barely worth a mention, and this does nothing to detract from the beauty. More artwork than coin, this treasure of Sigismund III is certain to be cherished by the next owner, as it was by all of the previous ones. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Frankiewicz Collection"

This specimen was lot 24010 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $132,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Hefty and Magnificent 10 Ducats of Sigismund III, From the Vilnius Mint, POLAND. Lithuania. 10 Ducats, 1618. Vilnius Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Plugged, AU Details. Fr-4; H-Cz-7478 (R7); Kop-3570 (R8); Kur-2191 (R8); Gum-1430. 34.67 g. Obverse: Crowned and enrobed bust of Sigismund III right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms with three crowns in uppermost right quadrant. Delivering an impressive heft and superb appeal, this Vilnius 10 Ducats could impress even the most spoilt of numismatic eyes. An important piece, and one of the few remaining of this type, this example is plated in Dutkowski's Zloto czasow dynastii Wazow, and the type has been off the secondary collector market for more than two decades according to our research. All of this should place this piece near the top of any Polish collector's wish list.

One is immediately drawn to the large die crack on the obverse at approximately 9 o'clock when looking at this piece. Some pronounced strike doubling is also seen, with particular force in the reverse legends. As PCGS notes, this example is plugged, a fault that is visible near 12 o'clock. The plug is rather small, and hidden amongst the margins, with its presence being confirmed by a different tone to the gold. Even with this fault, the present example is strongly detailed, and bears no excessive circulation or handling. 10 Ducats from Sigismund III are amongst the most popular of all world gold coins, and we expect this example to be no different. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Ahlstrom 63 (04/2001) Lot #1802."

This specimen was lot 24011 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Expressive and Charming Polish-Lithuanian 10 Ducats, POLAND. Lithuania. 10 Ducats, 1622. Vilnius Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Damage, AU Details. Fr-4; H-Cz-5793 (R7); Kop-3576 (R8); Kur-2197 (R8); Gum-1433. 34.73 g. Obverse: Crowned and enrobed bust of Sigismund III right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. A quite pleasing Vilnius 10 Ducats, a type which it almost goes without mentioning is of the highest RARITY. Being of this weight, this denomination was likely produced in extremely limited quantity, with fewer still surviving to the present. This example retains much in the way of merit, despite the notation of damage by PCGS. This notation arises either from the old collector punch to the left of the bust, or some scratches in the soft gold on the reverse. Sporting nearly the entire original design, the light rub that is present on the surfaces is limited to the highest elements on both obverse and reverse. A true treasure of Polish numismatics, and a piece that would make a meritorious addition to any advanced cabinet of holdings. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Bowers and Merena (03/1988) Lot #457."

This specimen was lot 24012 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $132,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Ultra-Rare Sigismund III Ducat From Riga, Off the Market Since 2000, POLAND. Livonia. Ducat, 1619. Riga Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS AU-58. Fr-5 (Latvia); H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-8205 (R8); Kur-2542 (R8); Gum-1509. 3.49 g. Obverse: Crowned and enrobed bust of Sigismund III right; Reverse: City gate of Riga supported by two lions; above, arms of the city. A Ducat that should make any Polish coin collector's heart skip a beat, this Riga Ducat couples tremendous RARITY, along with superb state of preservation. Riga had shifted from the Livonian Order to a free city under the Holy Roman Empire for a period of 20 years before it came into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under Stephan Bathori in 1581. Maintaining status as a free city in the Commonwealth, Riga later came under the influence of Sweden in 1621 during the Thirty Years War. Riga was only part of the Commonwealth for two monarchs, a period of the utmost brevity. Correspondingly, all Polish gold coinage from Stephan Bathori and Sigismund III from Riga is of paramount import. This Ducat is nicely struck on the delicate golden planchet. No evidence of defect is seen, and essentially no circulation is present across the devices. Simmering and somewhat subdued luster still occasionally shines through, with pockets of more intense shimmer seen. Intriguing strike doubling is seen on the legends, only adding to the character of the piece. A Ducat that reaches across four centuries to convey a brief and historically important foray of Riga into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. An opportunity that one will not wish to miss, given the unlikely nature of this type being offered again in the near-term future. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Triton IV (12/2000) Lot # 2254. Ex: Giessener Munzhandlung 54 (04/1991) Lot # 1739."

This specimen was lot 24013 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $78,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Beautiful Uncirculated Bydgoszcz Ducat, POLAND. Ducat, 1628-II. Bydgoszcz Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS MS-62. Fr-82; KM-47; H-Cz-9650 (R7); Kop-1413 (R7); Kur-1710 (R8); Gum-1332. 3.47 g. Obverse: Crowned and enrobed bust of Sigismund III right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. An exceedingly elusive offering from the Bydgoszcz Mint, the only Crown mint open during the period of 1627-1644. Arising from near the end of Sigismund III's 45-year reign, this Ducat was amongst the last of his crown mint gold Ducats, with only one later dated Ducat being produced in 1630. This example yields a rich golden luster and charming details, with only the slightest tinges of marking. The strike is full and comprehensive, with no detail left wanting. An exceedingly elusive Ducat, and one worthy of interest from any specialist in Polish coinage. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Leu 80 (05/2001) Lot #617."

This specimen was lot 24017 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $78,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Charming Ducat In Beautiful Mint State Condition, POLAND. Ducat, 1649-G P. Krakow Mint. John Casimir. PCGS MS-62. Fr-94; H-Cz-5860 (R7); Kop-1848 (R7); Kur-599 (R8); Gum-1786. 3.36 g. Obverse: John Casimir standing right, holding scepter and globus cruciger, dressed in coronation mantle; Reverse: Crowned four field coat-of-arms. Originating from the Krakow Mint, this Ducat presents a splendid state of preservation, serving as a wonderful archetypal coin of John Casimir. The strike is full and complete, with essentially no evidence of friction seen on the surfaces, and a glowing aurum sheen that emanates. A piece that is stunning to hold in one's hand, this Ducat certain does not lack for desirability. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: UBS 49 (09/2000) Lot #2379."

This specimen was lot 24018 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $102,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Astonishingly Rare Lithuanian Ducat Seldom Seen at Auction, POLAND. Lithuania. Ducat, 1666-TLB HKPL. Vilnius Mint. John Casimir. PCGS AU-55. Fr-9; H-Cz-5928 (R7); Kop-3631 (R7); Kur-822 (R8); Gum-1874. 3.30 g. Obverse: Laureate bust of John Casimir right; further encircled by laurels; Reverse: Arms of Lithuania, the Vytis; above: crown; encircled by laurels. One of the most exciting offerings of this entire collection, this Ducat of John Casimir features a distinctively Lithuanian flair. This piece is somewhat less refined than one is accustomed to seeing on Polish gold from this era, with some roughness to the flan and a crudity to the engraving. All of this only adds to the charm that is already present in this example resultant from its RARITY. Almost no actual circulation is seen, and good luster is yet present on the flan. For completeness, we note that there appears to be metal movement on the edges, perhaps indicating past usage in jewelry. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Ahlstrom 62 (11/2000) Lot #1539."

This specimen was lot 24020 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Incredibly Elusive Michal Korybut Ducat, POLAND. Ducat, 1671-M H. Michal Korybut. PCGS AU-58. Fr-Unlisted; H-Cz-Unlisted; Kop-1929 (R8); Kur-1131 (R8); Gum-1954. 3.45 g. Obverse: Laureate and robed bust of Michal Korybut right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Hitherto unavailable to even the most persistent and deep-pocketed of collectors, Ducats from Michal Korybut's reign outstrip all other monarchs on a comparative RARITY scale. The brevity of Michal's reign, along with his lack of success, compared with his predecessor and successor, ensured the elusiveness of his Ducats almost from the time they were struck. Escaping some of the most famous 19th Century collections, we have not been able to log a single sale of a Korybut crown Ducat. Consequently, this lot must be treated as a once in a lifetime opportunity to acquire a specimen, with this piece likely to disappear into a numismatic cabinet for a generation to come.

Displaying a soft golden hue, this Ducat retains nearly all the original appeal and charm as it did the day it left the dies. The strike is comprehensive, though not entirely full, with only the slightest brushes of wear being seen. A touch of bend is seen in the planchet, though nothing incongruous with many hammered gold coins of the time. Beautiful luster shines especially through in the protected areas, with very little marking or friction seen. An offering that should make any Polish coin collector giddy in the heart. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex: Hohn Leipzig 22 (12/1999) Lot #172."

This specimen was lot 24024 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $90,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Excessively Lustrous Choice Double Ducat, POLAND. Danzig. 2 Ducats, ND (1694)-D L. Danzig Mint. John III Sobieski. PCGS MS-63. Fr-35; H-Cz-2535 (R4); Kop-7697 (R6); Kur-1275 (R5); Gum-2023. 6.84 g. Obverse: Crowned and armored bust of John III Sobieski right; Reverse: Arms of Danzig; wreath above. Despite achieving somewhat lower marks on the rarity scales of Czapski and Kurpiewski, offerings of this Double Ducat from Danzig appear with much infrequency. We cannot locate an example having been traded in the past twenty years, highlighting the uncommonality of this offering. Beautiful luster bounds from the surfaces, and nary hit nor excess friction taints this example. Gleaming luster spins and dances in the light, delivering much beauty and allure. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex. Hess-Divo 288 (10/2001) Lot #64."

This specimen was lot 24025 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $90,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Entrancing Taler of John Sobieski in Tremendous Condition, POLAND. Taler, ND (1684)-SVP. Bydgoszcz Mint. John III Sobieski. PCGS AU-58. Dav-4345; H-Cz-2533 (R7); Kop-2002 (R7); Kur-1252 (R8); Gum-2006. Obverse: Laureate, armored, and draped bust of John III Sobieski right; SVP below; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Talers of John Sobieski are EXCESSIVELY RARE and extremely popular accounting to their beauty in addition to their elusiveness. Produced for only a short period in 1584, almost all of these crowns were lost to time, making an example in this state of preservation even more important for collectors. This example shows only the lightest traces of circulation on the laurels and mustache, with incredible steely brilliance retained. The strike is impressive, with nearly a full impressment of details, and some alluring deep toning serves to add a flavor of antiquate beauty to the surfaces. A tremendous Taler that would look incredible as a capstone piece to any collection of Polish coins or general world crowns. From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection."

This specimen was lot 24026 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $72,000. The catalog description[1] noted,

"Supremely Rare Unadopted Ducat of Stanislaus Augustus, POLAND. Ducat, 1766-FS. Warsaw Mint. Stanislaus Augustus. PCGS MS-62. Fr-101; H-Cz-3055; Kop-2494 (R6); Kur-311 (R6); Gum-2242. Obverse: Crowned SAR monogram inside of a radiant star of the Stanislaus Order; Reverse: Crowned coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with king's shield in the center, F S in small letters framed below. Among the most famous of all Polish gold coins, this one-year Ducat features as a dream coin for nearly every Polish coin collector. Produced at the Warsaw Mint as a pattern for proposed Ducat coinage of Stanislaw August, this design was never taken up for general circulation however, leaving the originals and potentially a few copies struck specifically for collectors. Certainly, no more than 25 survive, with perhaps even fewer than that extant. This RARITY is supported by the infrequent nature in which the type is offered, as we were able to locate no more recent record than a 2014 sale. This Ducat also maintains a tremendous luster, with deep reflectivity to the surfaces, and a prooflike appearance. Only the slightest wisps of friction are noted, and even these are so minuscule as to hardly be worth discussing. An absolutely phenomenal golden offering from near the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth! From the Anthony J. Taraszka Collection. Ex. Triton IV (12/2000) Lot #2462."

This specimen was lot 25002 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted,

"BELGIUM. War of Spanish Succession. Siege of Tournai. 20 Sols, ND (1709). PCGS EF-45. KM-8; Korchnak-593; Mailliet-pl. CXII #15; Vanhoudt-751; Delm-363; DeMay-3622; MO-4.3.7.1. 6.87 g. 28.2 mm x 22.8 mm. Siege: 27 June - 3 September 1709. Square uniface flan with laureate bust of Marshal de Surville left; 20 above; castle below; Legend: M DE SURVILLE. This handsome example displays lovely old cabinet patina with a slight iridescent sheen amongst the devices. The stamp is well struck and nicely centered on a compact flan exhibiting even wear on the high points. This attractive obsidional issue offers a pleasing appearance and much originality that is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters.

While the French were under attack by the Grand Alliance, in what turned out to be one of the bloodiest battles of the War of the Spanish Succession. Both sides suffered significant losses, nearly sustaining 10,000 casualties. The attack commenced on the night of 27 June and after an impressive 69 days of resistance the French finally surrendered."

This specimen was lot 25003 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted,

"FRANCE. Wars of Religion. Siege of Cambrai. 20 Patards, (15)95. PCGS AU-58 Brown. Korchnack-141; Mailliet-pl. XXII #13; Vanhoudt-568; MO-4.8.5.1. 7.21 g. 35.5 mm x 30.7 mm. Siege: 8 April - 7 October 1595. Irregular octagonal uniface flan with crowned arms of France in center flanked by date (9-5); Legend: HENRICO PROTECTORE; Central stamp flanked by individual punches "XX" and "P" with the arms of Montluc below. This lovely and beautifully preserved example displays rich brown patina with areas of lighter coloration and hints of original mint red in the crevasses. Usually encountered in well-worn condition with environmental damage, this piece is leagues better than what is normally observed in the market. Each punch is bold and deeply impressed, though the central stamp is slightly double-struck and rotated, on a nicely preserved planchet. Aside from a few minor abrasions the surfaces are smooth and glossy adding to its pleasing appearance and originality. Seldom encountered in the superior quality, it is sure to catch the attention of discerning collectors.

When the French occupied Cambrai in 1595, the bishop whose loyalty lay with the Spanish king deserted the city. In his departure he took money, war supplies and a small armed force. When the advancing Spanish forces discovered that the bishop had fled they surrounded the city. Preparing for the onslaught the governor of the city, Jean de Montluc, and his wife began strengthening the fortifications enabling the besieged city to repel the invading forces on several occasions. As the siege progressed tension within the city towards the French increased. The inhabitants harbored mistrust of the occupying French and were quite agitated by the debased coinage the Governor issued to pay troops; the intention being able to redeem them at full value after the siege. Eventually the inhabitants led an uprising and opened the gates to the city to welcome the Spanish ultimately resulting in French surrender on 7 October 1595."

This specimen was lot 25004 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,260. The catalog description[1] noted,

"FRANCE. War of Spanish Succession. Siege of Aire-sur-la-Lys. 50 Sols, 1710. PCGS AU-55. KM-16.2; Korchnak-9B; Mailliet-pl. I #5; DeMay-3626; MO-4.8.2.1. 15.09 g. 33.8 mm x 28 mm. Siege: 2 September - 8 November 1710. Irregular octagonal uniface flan with crowned arms of Governor Guebriant in center flanked by date (17-10); legend: PRO.RECE.ET.PATRIA.ARIA.50.OB. This very attractive and nicely preserved obsidional issue boasts a strong strike on a unusually shaped planchet, elongated irregular octagonal, displaying beautiful old cabinet patina with a slight iridescent sheen. The surfaces are relatively smooth with only minor marks or abrasions that one would expect to see from the designated grade. Pleasing to the eye, this lovely siege issue is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters.

After the death of Charles II of Spain the line of succession was unclear since the monarch had no children. Struggle for control of the Spanish Empire and throne ensued between Philippe, Duke of Anjou, and Charles, Archduke of Austria. Attempts at diplomacy between France and England to resolve the issue were unsuccessful and rejected by the Spanish as well as Philippe, Charles II named heir. His proclamation as King on 16 November 1700, fifteen days after the death of Charles II, called for an undivided Spanish Empire. This ultimately led to war between France and Spain on one side and the Grand Alliance (The Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Great Britain) on the other. During the war the allies marched on Aire after taking control of Douay. By September the city was surrounded by the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau's forces of 40 Battalions. However, by the time the Allied forces arrived, Governor de Guebriant had gathered significant quantities of supplies preparing for a long siege. Due to a money shortage, de Guebriant utilized his own silver to make coins and pay his troops. The besieged forces managed to repel the Allies, but realized holding the city was futile. Eventually de Guebriant met with the Duke of Marlborough to discuss the terms of surrender ultimately handing over control of the city and left with his troops."

This specimen was lot 25005 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description[1] noted,

"GERMANY. Grumbach Feud. Siege of Gotha. 3 Groschen, 1567. PCGS EF-40. Korchnak-232; Mailliet Supp.-pl 44 #2; MO-4.1.5.7. 3.20 g. 19.1 mm x 18 mm. Siege: 8 January - 13 April 1567. Irregular square flan with the arms of Elector of Saxony flanked by date (1-5/6-7), HHFGK above; Reverse: Raised denomination and monogram. This wholesome looking minor issue exhibits a good strike on a nicely made flan displaying attractive mottled gray patina with minor earthen deposits amongst the devices. The surfaces offer even wear with only minor marks or abrasions as one would expect from the grade. Pleasing to the eye, this small siege coin is attractive and original looking; certain to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters.

Convinced of his right to the Electorate of Saxony, Johann Frederick II, under the false guidance of Wilhelm von Grumbach pursued his fathers claim to this title. Annoyed, the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximillian II, signed an imperial ban against Frederick II and demanded he turn Grumbach into the authorities. Forced by persistent refusal the Emperor authorized an imperial intervention and in late 1566 the city of Gotha was under siege. Eventually, Augustus, Elector of Saxony, who led the besieging forces was able to incite a mutiny ultimately claiming victory over the city and Grimmenstein castle on 13 April 1567. Later, many of the individuals involved were publicly executed by being quartered, hung or beheaded."

This specimen was lot 25009 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,050. The catalog description[1] noted,

"GERMANY. War of Austrian Succession. Siege of Braunau. Gulden (60 Kreuzer), 1743. PCGS Genuine--Tooled, VF Details. KM-5; Korchnak-94; Mailliet-pl. XVI #7; MO-4.2.1.8. 17 g. 38.5 mm x 39 mm. Siege: 30 November 1742 - 30 June 1743. Irregular octagonal uniface flan with arms of Saxony flanked by date (17-43), IM-VE divided by denomination below; Legend: *L*AVXILIVM*F*BRAvHNAv*Z*ANOBIS S*. This moderately handled and wholly original looking survivor exhibits even wear with minor earthen deposits in the protected areas. The surfaces are relatively smooth with signs of handling consistent for the grade. Close inspection reveals some scratching in the compartment second from the top and down the center band on the coat of arms from long ago now slightly subdued. Despite its shortcomings this VERY RARE issue offers much originality and a pleasing appearance.

When the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI died the legitimacy of the line of succession to the throne was called into question and turmoil ensued. Severely weakened from years of war with large expenditures and an underprepared heiress, Maria Theresa, the War of the Austrian Succession began 16 December 1740. Numerous battles and skirmishes occurred between the Allied forces, primarily consisting of France, Spain, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony and the Pragmatic Allies consisting of the Hapsburg Monarchy supported by Great Britain, Hanover, the Dutch Republic and Russia, the region of Braunau am inn was no exception. Located near the Austrian and Bavarian border, the decisive of Battle of Simbach 9 May 1743 drove the Allied forces across the river to Braunau where the Pragmatic forces besieged the city. Under constant bombardment and heavy losses, Duke Ludwig Friedrich of Saxony-Hildburghausen who was charged with defending the city attempted to hold off the advancing forces. Ultimately sensing defeat, he left the city 27 June to meet with Charles of Lorraine and negotiate the terms of surrender. Austrian troops continued the attack until word finally arrived three days later on 30 June."

This specimen was lot 25010 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description[1] noted,

"The Single Finest Certified of this Classic Newark Besieged Issue by PCGS, GREAT BRITAIN. First Civil War. Newark Besieged. 1/2 Crown, 1646. Charles I. PCGS AU-53. KM-371; S-3140A; N-2638; Korchnak-448; Mailliet-pl. LXXXIII #1; MO-4.9.4.1. 15.07 g. 36.5 mm x 33.3 mm. Siege: 26 November 1645 - 8 May 1646. Irregular lozenge flan with a jeweled crown flanked by C-R, denomination below XXX; Reverse: Inscription in three lines; Legend: OBS:/NEWARK/1646. This charming and very attractive survivor exhibits boldly struck central designs with signs of wear primarily on the high points displaying lovely rich old cabinet patina with an iridescent sheen. This wholly original looking example is pleasing to the eye and is vastly superior than normally encountered.

A relic from this turbulent civil war period that ultimately saw the royalist forces concede tightly held Newark on May 6, 1646, the day after King Charles I had fled the fortress in secret to surrender himself personally to the besieging Scots."

This specimen was lot 25012 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted,

"NETHERLANDS. Dutch Revolt. Siege of Middleburg. Daalder of 36 Stuivers, 1574. PCGS AU-58. Korchnak-419; Mailliet-pl. LXXXIV #15; van Gelder-43A; Delm-167; Vanhoudt-466; MO-4.17.17.9. 29.16 g. 35.5 mm x 35 mm. Siege: 4 November 1572 - 19 February 1574. Third issue: March 1574. Uniface square flan with ornate central stamp with five-line inscription; arms of Zeeland within shaped indent above; Legend: .1.5.7.4./.LIBERT:REST:/S.P.Q.3(Z)EL:/.SOLI.DEO./.HONOR. This seldom encountered siege issue is nicely preserved and attractive displaying lovely old cabinet patina complemented by areas of richer coloration with an iridescent sheen and remaining luster amongst the devices. The arm of Zeeland stamp is bold and well-defined with attractive patina in the recesses. The central stamp is strongly applied, though slightly doubled and rotated somewhat obscuring the design features on the left side, on a nicely prepared flan. This SCARCE and charming obsidional issue offers a pleasing appearance with much originality and eye appeal.

The long and arduous siege of Middleburg saw many ups and downs that ultimately resulted in the surrender of the city to the besieging Dutch and English forces. Early in the siege the Spanish supply lines were cut-off causing food, water and specie shortages. In a dire situation, the magistrate confiscated silver from churches and other inhabitants to strike coins to pay soldiers and raise morale. In a failed attempt to lure the rebel forces away from Middleburg, the Spanish laid waste to Haarlem killing everyone within the city. On several occasions the Spanish sent a fleet with relief supplies and forces, but the Dutch Sea Beggers had taken control of the area capturing numerous ships and eventually blocking any relief efforts. Finally, the Spanish realized that relief was not coming and that defeat was only a matter of time, Governor Mondragon surrendered the city to the Dutch."

This specimen was lot 25013 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description[1] noted,

"NETHERLANDS. Dutch Revolt. Siege of Amsterdam. 5 Stuivers, 1578. PCGS AU-58. Korchnak-22; Mailliet-pl. IV #13; van Gelder-112A; MO-4.17.2.7. 3.35 g. 22 mm x 21 mm. Siege: December 1577 to 8 February 1578. Variety with Vase privy mark. Irregular octagonal uniface flan with crowned arms of Amsterdam within beaded border flanked by denomination (V-S) and date (15-78); vase privy mark above. This attractive and wholly original looking survivor exhibits rich pervasive slate patina. The central strike is bold, though the beaded border in the upper right quadrant is a bit weak, while the privy mark is full and complete with good definition. Clearly this example was given great care and sat for a prolonged period of time undisturbed adding to its originality and pleasing appearance.

Amsterdam being a Catholic city was loyal to Spain and were hesitant to join the revolt. On 8 February 1578, the city reluctantly and only after being blockaded did they join against Spain. The cities council was replaced with Protestants who were loyal to William of Orange. During the blockade there was a shortage of specie in commerce and the city was given authority to strike the necessary coins, though they needed to procure superfluous silver. As it turns out that silver that was gathered was the statue of the city's patron saint, St. Nicholas."

This specimen was lot 25020 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,500. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. Speciedaler, 1747-A. Copenhagen Mint; mm: heart. Frederik V. PCGS EF-45. Dav-1299; KM-562. Mintage: 9,250. A one-year issue struck for the coronation of Frederik V, this crown presents a pleasing gunmetal gray-cabernet tone with some darker aspects around the devices and only light wear upon the high points. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25021 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. Ducat, 1792. Copenhagen or Altona Mint. Christian VII. PCGS AU-58. Fr-283; KM-650. The only example of the type seen in the PCGS census, this near-Mint dazzler offers an ample array of remaining brilliance as well as a delightful golden-orange nature to the color and an impressive wildman depiction on the obverse. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25024 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. 2 Frederiks d'Or, 1836-CC FF. Altona Mint. Frederik VI. PCGS MS-61. Fr-288; KM-713.1. A VERY RARE date within this brief series, the present Mint State specimen yields a high degree of charming brilliance, with just a subtle degree of striking weakness noted upon the king's portrait. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25027 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,280. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. 2 Frederiks d'Or, 1850-FK VS. Copenhagen Mint; mm: crown. Frederik VII. PCGS Genuine--Filed Rims, Unc Details. Fr-291; KM-750.1. A RARE and seldom seen type, this double-sized gold issue is essentially without handling, though some filing to the rims accounts for the details designation. Nevertheless, highly brilliant and blazing, with a prooflike nature with some subtle frosting to the devices. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25028 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,000. The catalog description[1] noted, "Very Rare and Seldom Seen 2 Christians d'Or, DENMARK. 2 Christians d'Or, 1869-HC CS. Copenhagen Mint; mm: crown. Christian IX. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. Fr-293; KM-773.2. Despite the noted cleaning on this wildman issue, it nevertheless remains a great RARITY that is no doubt desired by the more advanced collectors of Danish issues or world gold more broadly. Very lightly handled, and immensely impressive. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25032 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,140. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. Taler (24 Groschen), 1555. Goslar Mint. Heinrich "the Younger" with Erich II "the Younger" of Calenburg. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, VF Details. Dav-9055; KM (MB)-26; Welter-484. A fairly RARE and seldom encountered emission featuring two dukes from the House of Welf, this cleaned and well circulated example stands as an overall excellent representation of the type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25036 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $300. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 "Light" Taler, 1576. Goslar Mint; mm: patriarchal cross. Julius. PCGS VF-35. KM (MB)-136; Welter-585. Despite what must have been a good deal of time spent in commerce, this charming minor nevertheless remains entirely wholesome and sports a deep, pleasing cabinet tone as well. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25037 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 "Spectacles" Taler, 1588. Goslar Mint; mm: patriarchal cross. Julius. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, VF Details. KM (MB)-218; Welter-587. A fairly RARE minor denomination, this so-called "spectacles" issue clearly saw a good deal of use in commerce, exhibiting some even handling throughout as well as some cleaning as noted. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25042 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 Taler, 1598. Goslar Mint. Heinrich Julius. PCGS AU-50. KM (MB)-265; Welter-649. A bit of uneven toning is observed, giving this minor some highlighting around the head of the wildman, but this elegant example otherwise stands as a charming and pleasing survivor of the type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25043 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 Taler, 1599. Goslar Mint. Heinrich Julius. PCGS AU-53. KM (MB)-265; Welter-649. A rather charming and pleasing minor denomination, this original specimen offers an enticing tone and solid overall detail remaining on the wildman. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25044 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 Taler, 1607. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crowned heart. Heinrich Julius. PCGS AU-58. KM-22; Welter-656. Elegantly toned and with only the slightest degree of wear upon the highest points, this wholesome specimen yields an enticing and alluring cabinet nature. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25045 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 Taler, 1609. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crowned heart. Heinrich Julius. PCGS AU-58. KM-22; Welter-656. The only example of the date seen at PCGS, this immensely pleasing and wholesome example from the final years in the reign of Heinrich Julius presents a fairly shaggy rendition of the wildman, with just a hint of striking weakness upon his face. Otherwise, quite well struck and essentially without handling. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25046 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $840. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/2 Taler, 1611. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crowned heart. Heinrich Julius. PCGS MS-61. KM-22; Welter-656. Enticingly detailed, especially upon the furry and facially follicled wildman, this Mint State specimen sports a deep, elegant cabinet tone and even possesses some hints of brilliance in the fields. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25050 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 1/2 Taler, 1626-HS. Zellerfeld or Goslar Mint; mm: crossed keys. Friedrich Ulrich. PCGS AU-58. KM-51; Welter-1061. Sporting an enticing cabinet tone and some glints of brilliance emanating from the protected areas, this example even features great detail on the face and body of the wildman who stands rather imposingly upon the reverse. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25055 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $690. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1724-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-61. Dav-351; KM-731; Welter-2383. Quite deeply toned and with an elegant and enticing cabinet nature, this enchanting specimen wholly impresses and offers a level of quality and beauty that is SCARCELY encountered. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25056 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $780. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1728-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-62. Dav-351; KM-731; Welter-2383. Stunningly enchanting and rather crisply struck, this nearly-Choice specimen dazzles with intense lustrous brilliance and a cabinet tone that deepens nearer the peripheries, augmenting an already strong and captivating beauty. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25057 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1747-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-62. Dav-362; KM-870; Welter-2735. Just a hint of striking weakness is observed upon the highest points of this otherwise tantalizing issue, offering an alluring tone and a good deal of remaining brilliance emanating from the fields. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25059 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. Taler (24 Groschen), 1569. Muenden Mint; mm: crossed axes. Erich II "the Younger". PCGS AU-50. Dav-9002; KM (MB)-100; Welter-441. With the name of Emperor Maximilian II. Featuring the wildman facing with a coat-of-arms over his midsection, this pleasingly toned crown offers an elegant cabinet nature as well as a charming strike. As such, an excellent representation of the type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25060 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,860. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. Taler (24 Groschen), 1572. Muenden Mint; mm: crossed axes. Erich II "the Younger". PCGS AU-58. Dav-9002; KM (MB)-100; Welter-441. With the name of Emperor Maximilian II. Quite SCARCE and highly attractive, this near-Mint crown dazzles with a light gray tone, pleasing strike, and excellent overall detail to the wildman motif. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25061 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $780. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. Taler, 1640-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg. PCGS AU-55. Dav-6508; KM-22.2; Welter-1454. Sporting a fairly deep gunmetal gray tone that intensifies even more nearer the edges, this lightly handled and entirely wholesome Taler presents rather elegant charm and a handsome appearance. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25064 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 24 Mariengroschen, 1695. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS MS-62. Dav-414; KM-378; Welter-1982. The single finest example for the date at PCGS, and tied with just two others for the finest across all dates for the type, this enchanting specimen yields an alluring appearance with its gunmetal gray surfaces providing the perfect backdrop for an elegant golden-olive tone surrounding the devices. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25065 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $780. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 24 Mariengroschen, 1696. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS MS-62. Dav-414; KM-378; Welter-1982. Very well struck and wholly enchanting, this dazzling minor, with quality that is undoubtedly RARELY encountered, presents a good deal of glistening luster paired with an attractive cabinet tone composed of steely gray and burnt sienna. Meanwhile, the level of detail within the face of the wildman is quite stunning and yields immense charm despite the smaller planchet offered by the denomination. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25066 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen, 1710. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. Dav-423; KM-15; Welter-2158. Eminently alluring and enticing, this nearly-Choice specimen yields an abundance of luster and attractive toning, with a russet-cabernet melange sprinkled rather enchantingly throughout. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25069 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $456. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen (2/3 Taler), 1784-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-61. KM-347; Welter-2812. Quite elegant and shimmering, this steely gray example offers a solid strike and a good deal of brilliance emanating from the fields. Undoubtedly one of the finest representatives of this minor that one is likely to encounter. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25070 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/3 Taler (12 Mariengroschen), 1773-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-349; Welter-2829. Though struck on a somewhat irregular planchet, this elegant specimen presents Choice quality with its strong strike and enchanting toning. Of particular note, the detail on the wildman is rather strong and evocative, with so many core muscles defined that the concept of human physiology can be challenged. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25071 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/3 Taler (12 Mariengroschen), 1775-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-63. KM-349; Welter-2829. A stunning, crisp, and Choice minor denomination, this impressive specimen radiates with intense brilliance and presents a subtle golden-cabernet tone dancing around the devices--a further testament to its resounding eye appeal. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25072 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $4,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Pomerania-Stettin. Taler, 1617. Philip II. PCGS AU-50. Dav-7221; KM-47; Hildisch-94. A VERY RARE and seldom encountered type, this commemorative issue was struck for the death of Philip, Georg III. Presenting minimal friction and an alluring tone, this near-Mint example yields a tremendous opportunity for the advanced collector of wildman issues, or obscure German crowns more broadly. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25073 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Pomerania. Taler, 1640. Stettin Mint. Christina of Sweden. PCGS EF-40. Dav-4571; KM-188.1. Struck during the Swedish rule over Pomerania, which is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland, this crown features the standing figure of Queen Christina of Sweden and stands as a fairly RARE two-year issue with enticing toning and wholesome, original surfaces. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 25092 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $15,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "Frosty and Choice Multiple Ducat Issue from Bremen, GERMANY. Bremen. 2 Ducats, 1659-TI. Free City. NGC MS-63. Fr-411; KM-126. In the name of Emperor Leopold I. The first year in a brief, two-year type, this VERY RARE specimen offers a strong and enchanting strike, with a light frosting upon the devices. Meanwhile, the level of detail is quite stunning, making it a phenomenal representative for the advanced collector of world gold. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25094 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,920. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 1-1/4 Talers, ND (1622). Andreasberg Mint. Friedrich Ulrich. NGC VF-35. Dav-6313; KM-340. A pleasingly presentable example of the always popular type, this tremendous specimen yields a glossiness and deep cabinet tone to the surfaces. Wear is seen on the high elements of the design, though it is not aggressive nor defacing of the overall details. A pleasing example that is sure to appeal to any collector of European RARITIES. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25096 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 2 Talers, 1664-HS. Goslar Mint. August "the Younger". NGC EF-45. Dav-LS76; KM-451.4. An entirely pleasing example of this broad flaned issue, this exceedingly handsome piece delivers a full strike and even wear on the high portions of the design. Deeply toned and escaping rough marking, this piece is certain to capture much attention from the many specialists in the series. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25098 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. "Voyage" Taler, ND (1635-66). Zellerfeld Mint. August "the Younger". PCGS EF-45. Dav-6359; KM-446; Welter-804A. The so-called "Reisetaler" or "Voyage" Taler on account of the ships on the reverse, this charming crown does exhibit a few spots of minor striking weakness, but nevertheless yields enticing toning and a tremendously wholesome nature overall. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25101 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1723-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-62. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. Very pleasingly and enchantingly toned, this crown presents a great color along with a rather sharp, well defined wildman and coat-of-arms. Overall, a tantalizing representation from an ever-popular series."

This specimen was lot 25102 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1728-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-62. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. Rather impressive, this near-Choice beauty delivers a full strike and much retained mint glossiness. Toning is of a deeper plum and slate hue, with beauty retained throughout the flan. Escaping much evidence of handling and marking, the only fault of consequence on this example is a flan flaw at approximately 9 o'clock. A beautiful specimen that is certain to command the attention of any collector of 'wildman' types. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25106 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1714. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed axes between HH. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). NGC MS-62. Dav-2066; KM-77; Welter-2144. A great offering from this ever-popular series, the present wildman offers an elegant gunmetal gray tone, with some golden-olive tinges near the peripheries. An interesting type emanating from the year in which Georg Ludwig would be crowned as the King of Great Britain. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25112 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Cologne (Koln). Goldgulden, 1437. Riel Mint. Dietrich II von Moers. NGC AU-55. Fr-797. 3.47 g. Obverse: Tri-form coats-of-arms; Reverse: Coat-of-arms over long cross pattee. Featuring a clear date in Roman numerals, this early-dated issue features a pleasing strike with very little in the way of actual handling and with a charming light yellow hue to the gold. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25114 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Cologne (Koln). 2/3 Taler, 1694-NL. Bonn Mint. Joseph Klemens von Bayern. PCGS MS-62. Dav-466; KM-76. Featuring a level of quality that is RARELY, if ever, encountered for this minor denomination, the present specimen provides ample brilliance and luster remaining, as well as a charming strike that exhibits only a few small areas of weakness. For completeness, a subtle planchet flaw is noted near the center of the reverse, but does not interfere with the resounding beauty and allure."

This specimen was lot 25128 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,440. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hamburg. Ducat, 1818. Hamburg Mint. NGC MS-62. Fr-1141; KM-540. A fairly SCARCE issue, this nearly-Choice specimen glistens with a high level of shimmering luster and presents a mostly golden-yellow hue throughout, with the coloring lessening slightly at the peripheries. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25134 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hesse-Cassel. Goldgulden, 1629. Cassel Mint. Wilhelm V. PCGS AU-55. Fr-1250; KM-150. A fairly RARE and seldom encountered type, this barely handled example presents a raging personification of a tempest along with the tetragrammaton, the name for God spelled out in four letters in Hebrew. Overall, a great representation of an incredibly difficult coin. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25135 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,440. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hesse-Cassel. "Willow Tree" Taler, 1631-TS. Cassel Mint. Wilhelm V. NGC AU-55. Dav-6745A; KM-115.4. An interesting crown, this type features a personification of the winds blowing against a tree, with a village in the background and a radiant tetragrammaton above. Lightly handled and pleasingly toned, with some deeper olive hues nearer the peripheries and around the devices. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25136 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hesse-Cassel. "Willow Tree" Taler, 1635-LH. Cassel Mint. Wilhelm V. NGC AU-55. Dav-6751; KM-115.7. Full of interesting iconography, such as a personification of the winds, a radiant tetragrammaton, and the type's namesake, a billowing willow tree, this lightly handled crown offers deep toning and tremendous originality. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25137 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,440. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hesse-Darmstadt. 10 Gulden, 1840-CV HR. Darmstadt Mint. Ludwig II. NGC AU-53. Fr-1231; KM-315. Mintage: 16,996. The first year in a brief three-year series, this lightly handled example presents a brilliant golden-olive hue with a great deal of luster emanating from the protected areas. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25139 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Julich-Berg. Gold Stuber Pattern or Off-Metal Srike, 1737-FO. Karl Philipp. NGC MS-63. Fr-Unlisted; cf. KM-187 (for regular issue). An IMMENSELY RARE and seemingly unknown off-metal or pattern striking in gold of an otherwise silver denomination, this piece offers incredible eye appeal and a Choice overall appearance. The luster glistens in the fields, all while the devices present a razor-sharp look that captures the gaze of the viewer. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25141 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Kaufbeuren. Ducat, 1730 (in chronogram). Free City. NGC MS-63. Fr-1421; cf. Brozatus-1055 (silver); Whiting-399. Commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. Featuring figures holding an open Bible (BIB) and book reading A C (for the Augsburg Confession), this commemorative issue presents Choice quality with a sharp strike and resounding brilliance. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25156 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Nurnberg. Ducat Klippe, 1700-GFN (in chronogram). Free City. NGC MS-62. Fr-1886; KM-258. By G. F. Nuernberger. Featuring the agnus Dei (Lamb of God), this square-shaped klippe issue dazzles with all of the tremendous brilliance that one would expect from a nearly-Choice issue as is the case here. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25165 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $9,000. The catalog description[1] noted, "Enchantingly Rare Double 'Christmas' Ducat -- Illustrated in Friedberg, GERMANY. Saxony. 2 Ducats (Christmas Ducat), 1617. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. NGC VF Details--Mount Removed. Fr-2667 (this coin illustrated); KM-110; Murseburger-891. Obverse: King Solomon standing right, holding scepter; to right, his mother seated left, wearing pointed headdress; Reverse: Two armored hands upright in prayer; cornucopia to left and right; above, tetragrammaton within the clouds. An EXCEPTIONALLY RARE and interesting type issued for the Christmas festivities, this specimen does exhibit some minor edge damage from a mount removal, but nevertheless offers great detail remaining along with a fairly vibrant golden-yellow hue. From the Augustana Collection. Ex: UBS 53 (1/2002) Lot # 1043. Ex: Kuenker 68 (10/2001) Lot # 3016."

This specimen was lot 25167 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $9,900. The catalog description[1] noted, "Incredible Ducat Multiple Celebrating the Augsburg Confession, GERMANY. Saxony. 6 Ducats, 1630. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. NGC AU Details--Tooled. Fr-2697; KM-A423; cf. Whiting-111/2 (5 & Ducats). 20.6 g. Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. Rather impressive and enticing, this VERY RARE example offers a crisp, clear strike with fairly unhandled surfaces despite its details designation. Golden-yellow throughout and a monumental chance for the advanced collector of world gold issues and their multiples. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25168 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $26,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "Tantalizing Reformation-Related Multiple Ducat, GERMANY. Saxony. 5 Ducats, 1630. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. PCGS MS-62. Fr-2698; KM-422; Whiting-111. 17.26 g. Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. Undoubtedly a stunning and captivating specimen, this Reformation celebratory issue presents quality that is RARELY encountered within the series of Ducats and their multiples, especially as one increases in denomination. Crisply and sharply struck, along with immense, majestic brilliance, this specimen would assuredly serve as a crown jewel in any collection, yielding a tremendous array of exceptional eye appeal. Absolutely a great chance for the advanced collector, and one that should not be missed. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25176 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,360. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. 2 Ducats, 1638-SD. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. PCGS AU-53. Fr-2682; KM-400. Lightly handled and exceptionally original, this multiple Ducat presents a charming and handsome overall appearance, with just a slight degree of waviness observed in the planchet. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25178 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. 2 Talers, 1630. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. PCGS AU-55. Dav-7604; KM-415. A stunning and massive Double Taler of impressive heft, this wonderful type commemorates the 100th Anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. The strike on this example is full, with a richness of details retained on the broad planchet, with wonderful mint glossiness shimmering throughout. Only the lightest traces of wearing are seen, and these are limited to the highest elements of the design. A beautiful specimen, and one that does not appear with any great frequency on the secondary market. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25184 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1630. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. PCGS AU-58. Dav-7605; KM-411; Whiting-110. Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. About as close to Mint State as one can imagine, this tantalizing religious-themed Taler exudes immense eye appeal with a great, intricate strike and enchanting cabinet tone, with the actual degree of wear seemingly being imperceptible. As such, this crown should general tremendous interest on account of its overall entrancing look. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25186 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,140. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1642-CR. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. NGC MS-62. Dav-7612; KM-425. An elegantly toned and handsomely struck crown, this nearly-Choice and extremely pleasingly lustrous example radiates with seemingly the same degree of brilliance as the day on which it departed from the mint. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25187 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1649-CR. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. NGC MS-64. Dav-7612; KM-425. An overall resoundingly Choice example of a crown from the latter stages of the reign of Johann Georg, this specimen presents a pleasing strike and intensely attractive tone. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25193 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1691-IK. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg III. NGC AU-55. Dav-7643; KM-616. Commemorating his death. Featuring an armored arm descending from the clouds and bearing a flag in honor of the recently departed duke, this lightly handled example still retains a good deal of glistening brilliance. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25197 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Ducat, 1742/1. Dresden Mint. Friedrich August II (August III of Poland). ICG AU-58. Fr-2865; KM-908; Kop-11541. Vicariat issue; overdate variety. Featuring a clear overdate and the Elector atop a rearing horse, this near-Mint example retains a great deal of luster and yields a pleasing golden-orange color, all while the actual handling is quite minimal. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25198 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,900. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Ducat, 1749-FWoF. Dresden Mint. Friedrich August II (August III of Poland). PCGS AU-58. Fr-2845; KM-887; Kop-11505 (R2). Seemingly a bit conservatively graded, this shimmering and well struck example offers a great deal of lustrous brilliance and an exacting strike, all while the presence of any handling seems to be lacking. As such, a premium-quality piece for the grade assigned. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25202 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony (Ernestine). Taler, 1534-T. Buchholz Mint. Johann Friedrich, with Georg. NGC-45. Dav-9720; Schnee-75. A fairly SCARCE type when encountered this alluring and problem-free, the present crown offers a great deal of originality and elegant toning that deepens around the devices."

This specimen was lot 25203 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxe-Gotha. Gold Medallic 1/2 Ducat, "1650" (1672/3). Gotha Mint. Ernst I "the Pious". NGC MS-62. Fr-2949; KM-Unlisted; Pax in Nummis-Unlisted. By J. C. Freund. 1.8 g. Commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia, this RARE medallic issue features lines of scripture upon each side, with the reverse displaying a radiant tetragrammaton at the top. Sharply struck and exceedingly lustrous and vibrant. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25204 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Ducat, 1717 (in chronogram). Saalfeld Mint. Johann Ernst VIII. NGC MS-61. Fr-3004; KM-49; Whiting-292. Commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Reformation. Featuring the bust of the duke in side profile, and an almost facing bust of the reformer Martin Luther, this handsome specimen offers far superior quality than is generally encountered for the type, with glistening brilliance and a sharp, well centered strike. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25213 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $8,400. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Silesia: Liegnitz-Brieg. Ducat, 1656. Brieg Mint. Georg, Ludwig & Christian. NGC MS-62. Fr-3200; KM-401. Seemingly a bit conservatively graded, this resoundingly alluring and brilliant specimen yields an enchanting strike and great overall appeal, all while artfully presenting the busts of the three brothers on the obverse. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25214 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $5,760. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Silesia: Liegnitz-Brieg. Ducat, 1657-EW. Brieg Mint. Georg, Ludwig & Christian. PCGS MS-63. Fr-3200; KM-401. Featuring the half-length busts of the three brothers, this Choice specimen radiates with exceptionally pleasing and alluring surfaces, a sharp strike, and tantalizing lustrous brilliance. Meanwhile, an appealing golden-orange nature augments its charm that much more. Unsurprisingly, it stands atop the PCGS census with the immense majesty. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25215 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Silesia: Munsterberg-Oels. Ducat, 1530. Reichenstein Mint. Karl I. NGC MS-63. Fr-3228; KM (MB)-19. Obverse: St. Christopher standing facing, holding tree trunk and carrying infant Christ upon his shoulder; Reverse: Coat-of-arms. A highly Choice and VERY RARE type, this example radiates with an exceptionally sharp strike and tremendous glistening brilliance throughout. A great opportunity for seldom encountered and difficult striking. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25216 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Silesia: Munsterberg-Oels. Ducat, 1535. Reichenstein Mint. Karl I. NGC MS-64. Fr-3228; KM (MB)-19. Obverse: St. Christopher standing facing, holding tree trunk and carrying infant Christ upon his shoulder; Reverse: Coat-of-arms. A VERY RARE and enchanting offering, this tremendously alluring and attractive near-Gem dazzles with a sharp, well incised strike, radiant luster shimmering throughout, and beautiful eye appeal. Undoubtedly worthy of a supreme bid and much focus. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 25223 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Wurzburg. Taler, 1702 (in chronogram). Wurzburg Mint. Johann Philipp von Greiffenklau zu Vollraths. NGC AU-58. Dav-2881; KM-227. On the cusp of Mint State status, this alluring specimen, sporting a great cabinet tone and some pleasing brilliance residing below, features three saints associated with the city on the reverse: Sts. Colman, Kilian, and Totnan."

This specimen was lot 25254 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Medallic Issues. Hesse-Darmstadt. Gold Medallic Ducat, 1817. NGC MS-61. Fr-1229; cf. Brozatus-1216 (silver); Whiting-546. By H. Roessler. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Reformation. Obverse: Cloaked bust of Martin Luther left; Reverse: Legend in six lines. Highly mirrored and pleasingly frosted upon the devices, this Reformation-related type radiates with great appeal and a charming strike. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 26377 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $4,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "AFGHANISTAN. Durrani Dynasty. 2 Mohurs, AH 1217 Year 1 (1802/3). Bahawalpur Mint. Mahmud Shah. PCGS Genuine--Mount Removed, AU Details. Fr-7; KM-246; A-3112. A VERY RARE double weight denomination, this specimen is largely without evidence of much time in circulation, and likely remains so well preserved on account of its use as a jewelry piece. As such, the noted mount removal does little to detract from its immense desirability. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26378 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $384. The catalog description[1] noted, "ANGOLA. 10 Macutas, 1763. Lisbon Mint. Jose I. PCGS EF-40. KM-17. An overall deeply toned example, sporting a gunmetal gray nature and a fairly strong magenta appeal. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26388 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. Cob 2 Reales, 1767-P V-Y. Potosi Mint. Charles III. PCGS VF-25. KM-43; Cal-694. Fairly well worn from time in circulation, this wholesome specimen nevertheless sports a clear date and remains problem-free. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26429 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 6 Pence, 1573. London Mint; mm: ermine. Elizabeth I. PCGS VF-30. S-2562; N-1997. Obverse: Crowned and mantled bust left; rose to right; Reverse: Coat-of-arms over long cross fourchee. Deeply toned and fairly well circulated, though all details remain clearly present. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26430 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, ND (1583-85). London Mint; mm: A. Elizabeth I. PCGS VF-30. S-2577; N-2014. Obverse: Crowned and mantled bust left; Reverse: Coat-of-arms over long cross fourchee. An overall wholesome and charming example of the type from the middle years in the reign of the "Virgin Queen."."

This specimen was lot 26445 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. "Gothic" Florin, 1880. London Mint. Victoria. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. S-3900; KM-746.4. Featuring the classic and ever-popular "gothic" bust type, this lightly cleaned example is not at all held back by its details designation, and should undoubtedly generate enhanced excitement. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26469 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $810. The catalog description[1] noted, "IRAN. Qajar Dynasty. Toman, AH 1280 (1863/4). Dar al-Marz Rasht Mint. Nasir al-Din Shah. PCGS MS-62. Fr-45; KM-853.8; A-2921. 3.46 g. Despite some off-centering, this enticing specimen is without handling and offers a solid strike along with ample lustrous brilliance. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26505 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "POLAND. Lithuania. Grossus, 1548. Vilnius Mint. Sigismund II Augustus. PCGS AU-53. Ivanauskas 5SA59-4 (RRRR); Kop-3282 (R). Lightly toned, this RARE type retains charming detail and stands as an excellent survivor. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 26524 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "SPAIN. 2 Escudos, 1828-M AJ. Madrid Mint. Ferdinand VII. PCGS AU-50. Fr-315; KM-483.1; Cal-1635. Emanating from the waning years of the reign of Ferdinand, this specimen offers lightly handled surfaces that rather pleasingly remain without issue. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 40272 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "ANGUILLA. Anguilla - Yemen. Dollar, 1967. PCGS AU-58. KMX-4.2. A "Liberty Dollar" counterstamped on a Yemen Rial of 1963 to support the Anguillan secession movement."

The second specimen was lot 40273 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,020. The catalog description[1] noted, "AZORES. Azores - Brazil. 1200 Reis, ND (1887). Luis I. NGC AU-53. KM-29.2; Gomes-L1.15.01. Issued by decree of 31 March 1887. Countermark: Crowned G.P. (Governo Portugues) with circle. Applied to a 1817-R Brazil 960 Reis of Joao VI (KM-307.3)."

The second specimen was lot 40274 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "AZORES. Azores - Portugal. 600 Reis, ND (1887). Luis I. NGC EF-45, Countermark: XF Weak. KM-26.2; Gomes-L1.14.05. Issued by decree of 31 March 1887. Countermark: Crowned G.P. (Governo Portuguese) within circular indent. Applied to the reverse of an 1815, Lisbon Mint, 400 Reis of Joao Prince Regent (1799-1816; Gomes-JR.24.07)."

The second specimen was lot 40275 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "AZORES. Azores - Spain. 300 Reis, ND (1887). Luis I. NGC VG-10; C/S: EF Weak. KM-25.1; Gomes-L1.18.05. Issued by decree of 31 March 1887. Countermark: Crowned G.P. (Governo Portuguese) within circular indent. Applied to the obverse o[f] a 1788-S C Spain bust 2 Reales of Charles III (KM-412.2). From the David Sterling Collection."

The second specimen was lot 40288 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,920. The catalog description[1] noted, "COSTA RICA. 2 Reales, ND (1849). San Jose Mint. PCGS EF-40, Countermark: XF Details. KM-77; de la Cruz-Pg. 35. Issued by decree of 22 November 1849 under Juan Rafael More Porras. Countermark: Type VII, Lion advancing left, legend around. Applied to the reverse of a 1849-CR JB Costa Rica (Central American Republic) 2 Reales (KM-24). From the David Sterling Collection."

This specimen was lot 40290 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "COSTA RICA. Real, ND (1849). San Jose Mint. PCGS VF-35, Countermark: XF Details. KM-72a; de la Cruz-Pg. 35. Issued by decree of 22 November 1849 under Juan Rafael More Porras. Countermark: Type VII, Lion advancing left, legend around. Applied to the reverse of a 1849-CR JB Costa Rica (Central American Republic) Real (KM-21a)."

This specimen was lot 40305 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "CUBA. Cuba - Mexico. 4 Reales, ND (1872-77). PCGS Genuine--Scratch, Fine Details. KM-R2. Countermark: Variety A, Short and thick key. Applied to the reverse of a 1863(6/5)-Go YF Mexico Republic 4 Reales (KM-374.8)."

The first specimen was lot 40307 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "CUBA. Cuba - Mexico. 2 Reales, ND (1872-77). PCGS VG-10. KM-R1. Countermark: Variety A, Short and thick key. Applied to the obverse of a 1826-Mo JM Mexico Republic 2 Reales (KM-374.10). An EXTREMELY RARE and seldom encountered early date host for this series."

The second specimen was lot 40328 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $840. The catalog description[1] noted, "CUBA. Cuba - Mexico. 2 Reales, ND (1872-77). PCGS FINE-15. KM-R1. Countermark: Variety B, Long and thin key. Applied to the obverse of a 1842/1-Pi JS Mexico Republic 2 Reales (KM-374.11). A VERY RARE early date host for this series."

This specimen was lot 40360 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS. Holland - Friesland. 28 Stuivers, ND (1693). PCGS VF-30, Countermark: AU Details. KM-69.3. Countermark: Raised HOL within rectangle indent. Applied to the obverse of a 1690 Friesland 28 Stuivers (Florin) (KM-10)."

This specimen was lot 40361 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES. Madura Islands - Mexico. Sultanate of Sumenep. Real Batu (8 Reales), ND (ca. 1814). Sultan Paku Nata Ningrat. PCGS GOOD-06, Countermark: VF Details. cf. KM-197. 26.64 g. Countermark: Arabic script within rectangle indent. Applied to the reverse of an undated Mexico City, Mexico Cob 8 Reales, presumably of Philip V (KM-47a). From the David Sterling Collection."

This specimen was lot 40395 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 500 Reis, ND (1663). Afonso VI. PCGS VF-25, Countermark: XF Details. KM-438.1; Gomes-A6.44.01. 22.16 g. Issued by decree of 22 March 1663. Countermark: Type IV, Crowned 500 within shaped indent. Applied to the reverse of an undated (1642) Lisbon, Portugal Cruzado (400 Reis) of Joao IV (KM-52)."

This specimen was lot 40396 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 250 Reis, ND (1698). Lisbon Mint. Alfonso VI. PCGS Genuine--Scratch, AU Details. KM-434.4; Gomes-P2.101.01. Issued by decree of 14 June 1698. Countermark: Bi-facial legend overstrike. Applied to an undated Lisbon, Portugal 200 Reis (1/2 Cruzado) of Afonso VI (KM-77) with previous crown 2S0 within shaped indent by decree of 22 March 1663."

This specimen was lot 40403 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $900. The catalog description[1] noted, "PUERTO RICO. Puerto Rico - United States of America. 25 Centavos, ND (1884). Alfonso XII. PCGS Genuine--Plugged, Fine Details. KM-6.3; Vazquez-Pg.204 Type IV; ANS NNM-88#1; Gould & Higgie-Pg.13 K. Issued by decree of 29 November 1884, ceasing 1 April 1885 under Governor Luis Daban. Countermark: Fleur-de-lis incuse. Applied to the obverse of a 1856 United States of America seated Quarter Dollar (KM-A64.2)."

This specimen was lot 40408 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description[1] noted, "TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. Bitt (Shilling), ND (1811). George III. PCGS GOOD-04. KM-A10; Prid-4. 2.86 g. Approved by local council meeting of 17 June 1811. Countermark: T incuse. Applied to the central cut plug of a Spanish Colonial bust 8 Reales of uncertain origin."

This specimen was lot 40427 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "MEXICO. 1/2 Real, 1816-Mo JJ. Mexico City Mint. Ferdinand VII. PCGS Genuine--Chopmark, Unc Details. KM-74; Cal-404. Partial unidentifiable chopmark. From the John Kraljevich Collection. Ex: Stack's Bowers Galleries (3/2015) Lot # 2631 (part of)."

This specimen was lot 40436 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Bishops' War. Siege of Strasbourg. 80 Kreuzer, 1592. PCGS Genuine--Graffiti, AU Details. Korchnak-561; Mailliet-Pl CII #1; MO-4.8.17.2. Weight: 28.21 g."

This specimen was lot 40445 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS. Dutch Revolt. Siege of Amsterdam. 20 Stuiver, 1578. PCGS EF-45. Korchnak-20B; Mailliet-Pl. IV # 8; van Gelder-114; Delm-189; MO-4.17.2.3. Weigh: 13.08 gms. Siege: December 1577 to 8 February 1578. Variety with Briquette privy mark."

This specimen was lot 40508 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "ARGENTINA. 2 Centavos, 1891. NGC MS-65 Brown. KM-33."

This specimen was lot 40509 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "ARGENTINA. Nickel 50 Centimes Pattern, 1940. PCGS SPECIMEN-64. KM-Pn54. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40533 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 1/2 Taler, ND (1521-64). Vienna Mint. Ferdinand I. NGC AU-58. Markl-58/60. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40542 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 3 Kreuzer, 1733. Hall Mint. Karl VI. NGC MS-62. KM-1587."

This specimen was lot 40543 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Kreuzer, 1737. Graz Mint. Karl VI. NGC MS-65. KM-1638."

This specimen was lot 40544 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,640. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Taler, 1760. Hall Mint. Maria Theresa. PCGS MS-63. Dav-1121; KM-1742. From the Helena Collection."

This specimen was lot 40554 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 25 Schilling, 1926. Vienna Mint. PCGS MS-65. Fr-521; KM-2841. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40564 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $384. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. Taler, 1644. Salzburg Mint. Paris von Lodron. PCGS EF-45. Dav-3504; KM-87. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40569 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $528. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. 1/2 Taler, 1695. Salzburg Mint. Johann Ernst von Thun und Hohenstein. PCGS MS-63. KM-253; Probszt-1818. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40570 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. 1/4 Ducat, 1712. Salzburg Mint. Franz Anton. PCGS AU-58. Fr-846; KM-297. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40576 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. Taler, 1790-M. Salzburg Mint. Hieronymus von Colloredo-Walsee. PCGS MS-63. Dav-1265; KM-465."

This specimen was lot 40582 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS. Kronentaler (Taler), 1793-B. Kremnica Mint. Franz II. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. Dav-1180; KM-62.1."

This specimen was lot 40585 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "BARBADOS. 100 Dollars, 1985-FM. PCGS PROOF-69 Deep Cameo. KM-41. Amphitrite, wife of Neptune, dominates the obverse, reverse coat of arms. AGW: 0.0998 oz."

This specimen was lot 40593 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "BELGIUM. 10 Centimes, 1863. Brussels Mint. Leopold I. NGC MS-66. KM-22."

This specimen was lot 40606 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOHEMIA. Groschen, 1597. Kuttenberg Mint. Rudolph II. NGC F-15. KM (MB)-233. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 40607 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOHEMIA. 3 Kreuzer, 1703-GE. Prague Mint. Leopold I. PCGS MS-63. KM-590. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 40632 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 8 Soles, 1862-PTS FP. Potosi Mint. NGC AU-53. KM-138.6."

This specimen was lot 40640 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 20 Centavos, 1887-PTS FE. Potosi Mint. NGC MS-63. KM-159.2."

This specimen was lot 40641 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 20 Centavos, 1907-PTS MM. Potosi Mint. NGC MS-65. KM-159.2. A SCARCE date."

This specimen was lot 40648 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "BRAZIL. 400 Reis, 1734-R. Rio de Janeiro Mint. Joao V. PCGS AU-53. Fr-60; KM-152; Gomes-107.01. Weight: 0.99 g."

This specimen was lot 40721 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "CANADA. Upper Canada. Copper 1/2 Penny Token, 1833. PCGS MS-62 Brown. UC-12B2; Breton-730."

This specimen was lot 40729 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $312. The catalog description[1] noted, "CANADA. Nova Scotia. Copper 1/2 Penny Token, 1813. PCGS MS-63 Brown. NS-20A4; Breton-962."

This specimen was lot 40736 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "CANADA. Newfoundland. 20 Cents, 1900. London Mint. Victoria. ICG AU-55. KM-4."

This specimen was lot 40780 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "CANADA. 25 Cents, 1957. Ottawa Mint. Elizabeth II. NGC PROOFLIKE-68+. KM-52. The single finest pre-1968 Canadian 25 Cents graded by NGC."

This specimen was lot 40804 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "CHILE. 10 Centavos, 1909-So. Santiago Mint. NGC MS-65. KM-156.2A."

This specimen was lot 40835 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "CHINA. Gold 100 Yuan, 2002. Panda Series. NGC MS-68. PAN-351A; Fr-B16; KM-1458."

This specimen was lot 40836 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "CHINA. 2 Dollars, 2013. 30th Anniversary of Chinese Panda Coinage. NGC PROOF-70 Ultra Cameo. KM-472. Mintage: 1,000. Bi-Metallic issue with Niobium insert."

This specimen was lot 41026 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $60. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 20 Korun, 1937. Kremnica Mint. NGC MS-65. KM-18. Struck to commemorate the death of President Tomas G. Masaryk. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41033 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 100 Korun, 1981. PCGS PROOF-68 Deep Cameo. KM-103. Mintage: 5,000. Struck to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Manned Space Flight. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41034 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 100 Korun, 1981. PCGS PROOF-68 Cameo. KM-104. Mintage: 5000. Struck to commemorate the centennial of the birth of Professor Otakar Spaniel. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41035 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 100 Korun, 1983. PCGS PROOF-68 Deep Cameo. KM-108. Mintage: 4000. Struck to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Karl Marx. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41036 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 100 Korun, 1983. PCGS PROOF-68 Cameo. KM-110. Mintage: 4000. Struck to commemorate the centennial of the death of Samo Chalupka. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41045 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description[1] noted, "CZECH REPUBLIC. 2500 Korun, 1997. Czech (Jablonec nad Nisou) Mint. NGC PROOF-69 Ultra Cameo. Fr-3; KM-19. Mintage: 1,685. Struck to commemorate historic coins of the 1620 Tolar of Moravian Estates. From the Whytecliffe Collection."

This specimen was lot 41063 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $60. The catalog description[1] noted, "DENMARK. 10 Ore, 1910-VBP GJ. Copenhagen Mint. Frederik VIII. NGC MS-64. KM-807. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41075 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "EGYPT. 20 Qirsh, AH 1293 Year 29-H (1903). Birmingham (Heaton) Mint. Abdul Hamid II. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, Unc Details. KM-296."

This specimen was lot 41077 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "EGYPT. 10 Qirsh, AH 1293 Year 17-W (1892). Misr (Cairo) Mint. Abdul Hamid II. PCGS MS-63. KM-295."

This specimen was lot 41084 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "EGYPT. Pound, AH 1316 (1973). PCGS Genuine--Scratch, Unc Details. Fr-128; KM-440. Struck to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the National Bank of Egypt."

The second specimen was lot 41085 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description[1] noted, "EL SALVADOR. 2 Reales, 1833-L. NGC VF-30. KM-11.8. Variety with "SALVA". Ex: Stack's Bowers Galleries (5/2017) Lot # 72115. Ex: Richard Stuart Collection."

This specimen was lot 41089 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 500 Pestas, 1970. NGC PROOF-67 Ultra Cameo. Fr-6; KM-25."

This specimen was lot 41106 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Lorraine. 1/4 Teston, 1541. Anthony. PCGS AU-58. B-1516."

This specimen was lot 41108 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Teston, 1562-D. Lyon Mint. Charles IX. NGC AU-53. Dup-1071. Weight: 9.41 g."

This specimen was lot 41109 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. 1/4 Ecu, 1603-R. Villeneuve St. Andre Mint. Henri IV. NGC MS-62. KM-27.4. Weight: 9.59 g. Ex: Fernand David Collection."

This specimen was lot 41112 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Ecu, 1711-C. Caen Mint. Louis XIV. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. KM-386.3; Gad-229."

This specimen was lot 41114 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Lorraine. Teston, 1713. Leopold I. NGC MS-62. KM-95 (under Germany). From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41118 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $840. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Louis d'Or, 1729-A. Paris Mint. Louis XV. NGC AU-58. Fr-461; KM-489.1; Gad-340. Ex: Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 41122 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Ecu, 1775-A. Paris Mint. Louis XVI. NGC AU-55. KM-564.1; Gad-356."

This specimen was lot 41132 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Constitution Period.2 Sols, 1791. Soho (Birmingham) Mint. NGC MS-62 Brown. KM-Tn23; Maz-152."

This specimen was lot 41133 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Constitution Period. 2 Sols, 1792. Birmingham (Soho) Mint. NGC MS-64 Red Brown. KM-Tn25; Maz-157."

This specimen was lot 41152 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. 5 Francs, 1830-B. Rouen Mint. Louis Philippe I. NGC AU-55. KM-735; Gad-676; F-315."

This specimen was lot 41166 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,200. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. 50 Francs, 1863-BB. Strasbourg Mint. Napoleon III. NGC AU-55. Fr-581; KM-802.2; Gad-1136. Mintage: 5,078. AGW: 0.9334 oz."

The second specimen was lot 41211 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRANCE. Gold 5 Centimes Piefort, 1973. Paris Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-67. KM-P466. AGW: 0.2573 oz."

This specimen was lot 41221 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRENCH COLONIES. 10 Centimes, 1825-A. Paris Mint. Charles X. PCGS MS-63 Brown. KM-11.1; Lec-304."

This specimen was lot 41222 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "FRENCH INDO-CHINA. Centime, 1885-A. Paris Mint. PCGS MS-62 Brown. KM-1; Lec-37."

This specimen was lot 41226 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMAN EAST AFRICA. Rupie, 1897. Berlin Mint. Wilhelm II. PCGS MS-64. KM-2; J-713. Pop 1; 1 finer."

This specimen was lot 41227 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMAN EAST AFRICA. Rupie, 1914-J. Hamburg Mint. Wilhelm II. NGC MS-62. KM-10; J-722."

This specimen was lot 41246 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 "Light" Taler, 1569. Goslar Mint. Julius. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, EF Details. KM (MB)-127; Welter-590. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41247 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 "Light" Taler, 1576. Goslar Mint. Julius. PCGS EF-45. KM (MB)-134; Welter-591. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41250 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 Taler, 1596. Goslar Mint. Heinrich Julius. PCGS EF-45. KM (MB)-263; Welter-661. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41251 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 Taler, 1601. Zellerfeld or Goslar Mint; mm: crowned heart. Heinrich Julius. PCGS EF-45. KM-5; Welter-664B. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41252 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 Taler, 1611. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crowned heart. Heinrich Julius. PCGS AU-50. KM-5; Welter-664B. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41254 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1615. Zellerfeld or Goslar Mint; mm: crowned heart. Friedrich Ulrich. PCGS Genuine--Mount Removed, AU Details. Dav-6303; KM-52.1; Welter-1057A. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41258 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1632-HS. Goslar or Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed keys. Friedrich Ulrich. PCGS AU-55. Dav-6307; KM-52.5; Welter-1057A. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41260 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Kreuzer, 1621. Friedrich Ulrich. PCGS MS-61. Welter-1082A. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41261 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1636-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. August "the Younger". PCGS AU-50. Dav-6335; KM-392.1; Welter-817. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41263 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1645-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. August "the Younger". PCGS AU-53. Dav-6338; KM-Unlisted; Welter-819. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41264 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1650-HS. Zellerfeld or Goslar Mint. August "the Younger". PCGS AU-55. Dav-6340; KM-393.3; Welter-818. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41265 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. "Houseboy" Taler, 1655-HS. Zellerfeld or Goslar Mint. August "the Younger". PCGS AU-53. Dav-6341; KM-442.1; Welter-822. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41267 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1667-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. Rudolph August. PCGS AU-58. Dav-6378; KM-502; Welter-1839. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection. Ex: Coin Galleries (5/1984) Lot # 446."

This specimen was lot 41268 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1668. Rudolph August. PCGS AU-53. KM-504; Welter-1848. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41270 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1683. Zellerfeld Mint. Rudolph August. PCGS AU-58. KM-504; Welter-1848. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41275 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1692. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Rudolph August & Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-58. KM-559; Welter-2079. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41276 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1700. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Rudolph August & Anton Ulrich. NGC AU-58. KM-559; Welter-2079. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41277 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1691. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Rudolph August & Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-55. KM-570; Welter-2086. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41278 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1702. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Rudolph August & Anton Ulrich. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, Unc Details. KM-570; Welter-2086. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41280 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1708-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Anton Ulrich. PCGS Genuine--Graffiti, AU Details. Dav-2116; KM-686.1; Welter-2303. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41281 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $528. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1710-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-55. Dav-2116; KM-686.1; Welter-2303. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41284 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1705. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-58. KM-685; Welter-2309. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41285 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1711. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-58. KM-685; Welter-2309. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41286 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1713-HH. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed keys. Anton Ulrich. PCGS Genuine--Bent, Unc Details. KM-715; Welter-2174. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41288 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 6 Mariengroschen, 1705. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-58. KM-683; Welter-2318. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41289 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 4 Mariengroschen, 1706. Zellerfeld Mint. Anton Ulrich. PCGS AU-53. KM-682; Welter-2322. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41290 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1721-C. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS AU-55. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41291 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1728-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS AU-58. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41292 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1715-HH. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed axes. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-62. KM-731; Welter-2383. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41293 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $312. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1717-HH. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed axes. August Wilhelm. PCGS MS-61. KM-731; Welter-2383. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41294 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 6 Mariengroschen, 1715-HH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS AU-53. KM-729; Welter-2395. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41295 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 4 Mariengroschen, 1723-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. PCGS AU-55. KM-728; Welter-2402. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41297 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1734-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Ludwig Rudolph. PCGS Genuine--Tooled, Unc Details. Dav-2137; KM-817; Welter-2462. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41298 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 4 Mariengroschen, 1735-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Ludwig Rudolph. PCGS MS-62. KM-809; Welter-2476. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41299 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $780. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1735-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Ferdinand Albrecht II. PCGS AU-53. Dav-2143; KM-881; Welter-2673. One year type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41300 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1735-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Ferdinand Albrecht II. PCGS AU-55. KM-866; Welter-2678. One year type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41301 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1750-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-58. Dav-2145; KM-883; Welter-2719. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41302 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1763-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, Unc Details. Dav-2145; KM-883; Welter-2719. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41303 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1760-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-55. KM-870; Welter-2735. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41304 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1765-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-62. KM-870; Welter-2735. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41305 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1770-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-61. KM-870; Welter-2735 From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41306 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1771-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-61. KM-870; Welter-2735. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41307 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1773-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-58. KM-870; Welter-2735 From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41308 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1776-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-58. KM-870; Welter-2735. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41309 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1765-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-58. KM-867; Welter-2742. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41310 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1775-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-58. KM-867; Welter-2742. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41311 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 6 Mariengroschen, 1765-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS AU-55. KM-872; Welter-2752. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41312 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 4 Mariengroschen, 1748-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-63. KM-864; Welter-2754. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41313 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 2 Mariengroschen, 1744-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl I. PCGS MS-63. KM-860; Welter-2760. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41314 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1783-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS AU-58. KM-1011; Welter-2903. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41315 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1784-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-61. KM-1011; Welter-2903. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41317 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1785-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-61. KM-1022; Welter-2908. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41318 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1789-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-61. KM-1022; Welter-2908. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41319 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1781-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS AU-55. KM-1009; Welter-2912. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41320 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1782-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS AU-50. KM-1009; Welter-2912. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41322 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 12 Mariengroschen, 1787-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-61. KM-1029; Welter-2914. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41323 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 4 Mariengroschen, 1789-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-62. KM-1028; Welter-2921. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41324 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 2 Mariengroschen, 1784-CES. Zellerfeld Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS AU-55. KM-1005; Welter-2925. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41325 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 24 Mariengroschen, 1834-CvC. Brunswick Mint. Wilhelm VIII. PCGS MS-64. KM-1124; Welter-3099. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41326 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 2/3 Taler, 1680. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS AU-53. KM-262.1; Welter-1970. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41327 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $360. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 2/3 Taler, 1681. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS MS-61. KM-262.1; Welter-1970. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41328 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 2/3 Taler, 1685. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS AU-58. KM-262.1; Welter-1970. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41329 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 2/3 Taler, 1690. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS AU-58. KM-262.2; Welter-1970. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41330 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 2/3 Taler, 1692. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS AU-58. KM-262.2; Welter-1970. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41331 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $312. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 24 Mariengroschen, 1694. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Ernst August. PCGS MS-62. KM-378; Welter-1982. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41333 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 24 Mariengroschen, 1695. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Ernst August. PCGS MS-61. KM-378; Welter-1982. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41334 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $312. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 24 Mariengroschen, 1697. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Ernst August. PCGS MS-61. KM-378; Welter-1982. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41335 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 12 Mariengroschen, 1690. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August. PCGS MS-61. KM-259; Welter-1997. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41336 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. 12 Mariengroschen, 1694. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August. PCGS MS-61. KM-377; Welter-1998. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41339 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1636-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. August I. PCGS EF-45. Dav-5737A; KM-133. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41343 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg & Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1662-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. Christian Ludwig. PCGS AU-50. Dav-6518 (image rever[s]ed with 6517); KM-237; Welter-1508. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41345 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg & Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1659-HS. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II Wilhelm. PCGS EF-45. Dav-6528; KM-57.1; Welter-1583. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41346 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $528. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg & Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1663-HS. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed keys. Georg II Wilhelm. PCGS AU-55. Dav-6528; KM-57.1; Welter-1583. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41347 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg & Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1664-HS. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed keys. Georg II Wilhelm. PCGS AU-55. Dav-6528; KM-57.1; Welter-1583. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41348 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen, 1668. Zellerfeld Mint. Johann Friedrich I. PCGS AU-55. cf. KM-136; Welter-1765. Standard Catalog of World Coins lists KM-136 starting in 1669; Welter begins this design type in 1668. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41349 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen, 1673. Zellerfeld Mint. Johann Friedrich I. PCGS AU-58. KM-136; Welter-1765. Standard Catalog of World Coins omits the year 1673 for the type. Welter lists 1673 for the type. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41350 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen, 1675. Zellerfeld Mint. Johann Friedrich I. PCGS AU-58. KM-136; Welter-1765. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41351 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen, 1691. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August. PCGS AU-53. Welter-1997. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41352 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 2 Mariengroschen, 1683. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August. PCGS MS-62. KM-256; Welter-2016. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41353 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1702-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS-55. Dav-2065; KM-35; Welter-2143. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41354 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1707-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS EF-45. Dav-2065; KM-35; Welter-2143. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41355 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1710-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. Dav-2065; KM-35; Welter-2143. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41357 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1713-HH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS Genuine--Tooled, Unc Details. Dav-2066; KM-77; Welter-2144. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41358 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1715-HH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. Dav-2066; KM-77; Welter-2144. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41359 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1723-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. Dav-2076; KM-114; Welter-2236. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41360 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $480. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1726-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-53. Dav-2076; KM-114; Welter-2236. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41361 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen, 1701. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-15; Welter-2158. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41364 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 2/3 Taler (Gulden), 1716-HH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-55. Welter-2241. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41365 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 6 Mariengroschen, 1698. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: three stars. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-10; Welter-2178. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41366 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1720-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-55. KM-109; Welter-2257. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41367 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen (2/3 Taler), 1741-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-229; Welter-2580. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41368 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/3 Taler, 1741-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-255; Welter-2600. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41369 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/3 Taler, 1745-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-55. KM-255; Welter-2600. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41370 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $90. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/3 Taler, 1754-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, Unc Details. KM-255; Welter-2600. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41371 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1732-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-180; Welter-2617. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41372 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1736-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-55. KM-180; Welter 2617. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41373 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1739-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-180; Welter 2617. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41374 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1741-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-180; Welter 2617. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41376 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1751-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-180; Welter 2617. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41377 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 4 Mariengroschen, 1733-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-217; Welter-2625. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41378 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 4 Mariengroschen, 1734-IAB. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-217; Welter-2625. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41379 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 2 Mariengroschen, 1741-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-216; Welter-2633. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41380 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen (2/3 Taler), 1772-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-61. KM-347; Welter-2812. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41381 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen (2/3 Taler), 1786-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of England). PCGS AU-58. KM-385; Welter-2813. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41382 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1762-IBH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS AU-53. KM-349; Welter-2829. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41383 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1770-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-349; Welter-2829. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41384 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1777-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-63. KM-349; Welter-2829. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41385 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 12 Mariengroschen (1/3 Taler), 1786-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-387; Welter-2830. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41387 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 4 Mariengroschen, 1771-IAP. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-346; Welter-2846. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41388 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 4 Mariengroschen, 1776-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-63. KM-346; Welter-2846. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41389 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 2 Mariengroschen, 1776-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-352; Welter-2858. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41390 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Pfennig, 1776-LCR. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-63 Brown. KM-330.1; Welter-2884. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41391 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hohnstein. 12 Kreuzer (Kipper), 1620. Uncertain Mint. Friedrich Ulrich (of Brunswick). PCGS MS-63. KM-20. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41393 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Schwarzburg-Arnstadt. 2/3 Taler, 1676. Anton Guenther II. PCGS AU-50. KM-20. From the Robert C. Knepper Collection."

This specimen was lot 41402 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $456. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Anhalt-Bernburg. 2-1/2 Groschen, 1856-A. Berlin Mint. Alexander Karl. PCGS MS 66. KM-97."

This specimen was lot 41435 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. "Houseboy" Taler, 1663-HS. Zellerfeld Mint; mm: crossed keys. August "the Younger". NGC AU-58. Dav-6341; KM-442.1; Welter-822."

This specimen was lot 41437 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1720-C. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. NGC AU-58. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. From the Augustana Collection."

The second specimen was lot 41438 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. Taler, 1721-C. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. NGC AU-58. Dav-2126; KM-739; Welter-2376. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41439 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 2 Mariengroschen, 1727. Zellerfeld Mint. August Wilhelm. NGC MS-63. KM-779; Welter-2408. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41441 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Brunswick. 16 Groschen, 1786-MC. Brunswick Mint. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. PCGS MS-63. KM-1020; Welter-2911. Finest certified example at PCGS."

This specimen was lot 41442 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $840. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Wolfenbuttel. 1/4 Taler, 1547. Heinrich "the Younger". PCGS VF-35. KM (MB)-63; Welter-410. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41446 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,140. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg & Luneburg (Celle). Taler, 1665. Clausthal Mint. Christian Ludwig. NGC MS-61. Dav-6521; KM-211. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41447 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Calenberg. Taler, 1697-RB. Zellerfeld Mint. Ernst August, as Bishop of Osnabruck. PCGS AU-55. Dav-6601; KM-382.5; Welter-1955."

This specimen was lot 41449 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1710-HB. Georg Ludwig (future George I of Great Britain). PCGS MS-61. Dav-2058; KM-49; Welter-2146. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41450 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. Taler, 1726-EPH. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg Ludwig (George I of Great Britain). PCGS AU-55. Dav-2077; KM-134; Welter-2231. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41451 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 1/6 Taler, 1731-C. Zellerfeld Mint. Georg II August (George II of Great Britain). PCGS AU-58. KM-180."

This specimen was lot 41454 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg: Hannover. 24 Mariengroschen, 1799-PLM. Georg III (George III of Great Britain). PCGS MS-62. KM-341."

This specimen was lot 41461 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $576. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. East Friesland. Gold Gulden, 1588. Edzard II. NGC EF Details--Mount Removed. Fr-883. Obverse: Half-length bust of Maximilian II right holding globus cruciger; Reverse: Coat-of-arms. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41472 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Friedberg. 1/2 Taler, 1766-S(N)R. Franz Heinrich von Dalberg. PCGS MS-62. KM-71; Lejeune-79. Convention Taler issue."

This specimen was lot 41474 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Fulda. 1/2 Taler, 1796. Adalbert III von Harstall. PCGS AU-58. KM-154."

This specimen was lot 41478 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $630. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hamburg. Ducat, 1837. Free City. NGC AU-58. Fr-1141; KM-552. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41481 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Hannover. 1/24 Taler, 1854-B. Hannover Mint. Georg V. NGC MS-64. KM-227; J-77."

This specimen was lot 41490 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $100. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Lubeck. 32 Shilling, 1797-HDF. Peter Friedrich Ludwig. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. KM-199. From the R & J Robertson Collection."

This specimen was lot 41493 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Magdeburg. 2/3 Taler, 1674-CP. Free City. PCGS Genuine--Corrosion Removed, EF Details. Dav-638; KM-315."

This specimen was lot 41499 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $720. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Mecklenburg. Taler, 1540. Heinrich V. NGC EF Details--Obverse Graffiti. Dav-9539."

This specimen was lot 41537 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it did not sell. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Reuss-Lobenstein. 2 Groschen, 1759-ICE. Heinrich II. PCGS MS-66. KM-5; Schmidt-575."

This specimen was lot 41543 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony (Ernestine). 1/4 Taler, 1542. Johann Friedrich with Moritz. NGC AU Details--Cleaned. KM (MB)-277."

This specimen was lot 41545 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $80. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Schreckenberger, 1564. Dresden Mint. August I. NGC AU Details--Polished. Merseburger-716."

This specimen was lot 41552 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $552. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1654-CR. Dresden Mint. Johann Georg I. PCGS AU-58. Dav-7612; KM-425. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41558 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $408. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. 2/3 Taler, 1696-IK. Friedrich August I. NGC MS-63. KM-655."

This specimen was lot 41561 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. Taler, 1768-EDC. Dresden Mint. Friedrich August III. NGC AU Details--Cleaned. Dav-2683; KM-990."

This specimen was lot 41618 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $432. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Weimar Republic. 5 Mark, 1927-G. Karlsruhe Mint. PCGS MS-65. KM-56; J-331."

This specimen was lot 41619 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $288. The catalog description[1] noted, "GERMANY. Weimar Republic. 5 Mark, 1931-F. Stuttgart Mint. NGC MS-64. KM-56; J-331. Oak Tree type."

This specimen was lot 41648 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $660. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Crown, ND (1618-19). London Mint; mm: plain cross. James I. NGC VF Details--Bent. S-2626; Fr-236; KM-36. Fifth bust right. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41656 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $216. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, ND (1628-29). London Mint; mm: Anchor/Anchor. Charles I. NGC VF-35. S-2797."

This specimen was lot 41657 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $192. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, ND (1643-44). London Mint; mm: (P)/(P). Charles I. NGC VF-20. S-2800; KM-111."

This specimen was lot 41658 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 2 Pence, ND (1635-36). London Mint; mm: Crown/Crown. Charles I. NGC EF-40. S-2831; KM-84."

This specimen was lot 41693 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 4 Pence, 1766. London Mint. Charles III. NGC MS-63. S-3750; KM-596.1."

This specimen was lot 41695 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $336. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 2 Pence, 1766. London Mint. George III. NGC MS-65. S-3756; KM-595. Population 1, none finer at NGC."

This specimen was lot 41723 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $7,800. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Sovereign, 1828. London Mint. George IV. NGC VF-30. S-3801; Fr-317; KM-696. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 41738 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $168. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Farthing, 1837. London Mint. William IV. NGC MS-64 Brown. S-3848; KM-705."

This specimen was lot 41753 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $120. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Florin, 1886. London Mint. Victoria. NGC AU Details--Cleaned. S-3900; KM-746.4."

This specimen was lot 41788 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $312. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Florin, 1901. London Mint. Victoria. PCGS MS-64. S-3939; KM-781."

This specimen was lot 41789 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $240. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, 1898. London Mint. Victoria. NGC MS-65. S-3940A; KM-780."

This specimen was lot 41825 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $144. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 1/2 Crown, 1906. London Mint. Edward VII. PCGS AU-58. S-3980; KM-802."

This specimen was lot 41839 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $264. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Farthing, 1918. London Mint. George V. PCGS MS-65. S-4059; KM-808.1."

This specimen was lot 41856 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $504. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 25 Pence, 1977. Llantrisant Mint. Elizabeth II. NGC PROOF-70 Ultra Cameo. KM-920A."

This specimen was lot 41858 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $40. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Pound Piefort, 1984. Llantrisant Mint. Elizabeth II. PCGS PROOF-69 Deep Cameo. S-4222; KM-P4. Scottish design."

This specimen was lot 41860 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $60. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Silver Pound Piefort, 1987. Llantrisant Mint. Elizabeth II. PCGS PROOF-70 Deep Cameo. S-4333; KM-P7."

This specimen was lot 41869 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $600. The catalog description[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Trade Tokens. Hertfordshire. St. Albans. Copper 1/2 Penny Token, 1796. PCGS MS-66 Brown. D&H-2. Plain edge."

This specimen was lot 42008 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description[1] noted, "GUATEMALA. Real, 1764-G P. Guatemala Mint. Charles III. PCGS AU-50. KM-24; Cal-324."

This specimen was lot 42048 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $1,320. The catalog description[1] noted, "HUNGARY. Ducat, 1586-KB. Rudolf II. NGC AU Details--Surface Hairlines. Fr-63. From the Augustana Collection."

This specimen was lot 420 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2023), where it sold for $. The catalog description[1] noted, "."

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current16:57, 17 January 2023Thumbnail for version as of 16:57, 17 January 20232,387 × 2,400 (906 KB)LatinKing2020 (talk | contribs)Category:Selections from the Stack's Bowers 2023 NYINC sale * Orsini, Matt, Kyle Ponterio and Jeremy Bostwick, ''The January 2023 NYINC Auction: Ancient Coins, World Coins & Paper Money, featuring the Taraszka Collection and the Mark and Dottie Salton Collection,'' Costa Mesa, CA: Stack's Bowers LLC, 2022. * Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg, ''Gold Coins of the World, From Ancient Times to the Present, 9th ed.,'' Clifton, NJ: Coin and Currency Institute, 2017. * Cuhaj, George S...

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