Italy, Milan
Milan was not an organized state until the duchy of Milan was erected for the Visconti in 1395. The duchy dominated northern Italy, provoking fear and loathing from its neighbors, particularly the Pope, the republic of Florence and the republic of Venice. Her wealth aroused the greed of the kings of France, who invaded and occupied her on several occasions 1494-1525. The Sforza dukes died out in 1535, setting off another war over the succession, which eventually passed to emperor Charles V. On his abdication in 1556, Milan passed to the Spanish Hapsburgs, who ruled it until their extinction in 1700. On the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession (1714), Milan went to the Austrian Hapsburgs, who ruled it until Napoleon conquered it in 1797. It remained a French satellite until his fall in 1814, when it was returned to Austria and constituted the kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. Milan was eventually incorporated into the kingdom of Italy in 1859-60.
medieval issues
- Milan (1264-78) ambrosino d'argento = grosso = 1½ soldo
- Pavia (1359-78) pegione, Galeazzo II Visconti
- Milan (1378-85) pegione, Barnabò Visconti
- Milan (1385-1402) pegione, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, arms reverse = grosso
- Verona (1387-1402) pegione = grosso = 1½ soldo
- Milan (1395-1402) pegione, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, floriate cross reverse
- Milan (1402-12) pegione = grosso
- (1412-47) grosso da 2 soldi, Filippo Maria Visconti
- Milan (1447-50) grosso issued by the Ambrosian Republic
- Milan (1450-66) grosso, Francesco Sforza
- Milan (1466-76) grosso da 8 soldi, for Galeazzo Maria Sforza
- Milan (1481-92) grosso Gian Galeazzo Sforza
- Milan (1500-13) grosso
- (1515-16) trillina, François I
- Milan (1515-22) grosso da 6 soldi, for Francis I of France
- Musso (1528-30) quattrino Gian Giacomo de Medici
- Messerano (1528-48) cornuto
- (1676-1700) quattrino
- 1777 quattrino
- Maccagno (1622-23) sesino
- 1777 mezzo soldo
- 1777-S soldo
five to 25 soldi
- Milan 1784 5 soldi
- Milan 1787 5 soldi
- Milan (1535-56) 8 soldi
- Milan (1556-58) 20 soldi
- Milan 1762 20 soldi
- Milan (1535-56) 25 soldi = denaro
thirty soldi
lira
- Milan 1781 1/2 lira acclamation issue for Joseph II
- Milan 1792 1/2 lira acclamation issue for Francis II
- Milan 1782-LB lira
- Milan 1786-LB lira
- 1790-LB lira, Leopold II
- Milan 1792 lira acclamation issue for Francis II
testone
- Milan (1466-76) 1/2 teston
- Milan (1535-56) 1/2 testone, Charles V
- (1466-76) teston, Galeazzo Maria Sforza
- (1476-81) teston, regency of Bona of Savoy
- (1481-94) teston, Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza and Ludovico Maria Sforza
- Milan (1494-99) teston Ludovico Maria Sforza
- Milan (1499-1500) teston Louis XII of France
- Milan (1500-13) teston Louis XII of France
- Milan (1520) testone Francis I of France
- Messerano (1525) testone Ludovico II. e Pier Luca Fieschi
- Messerano (1528-32) testone, Ludovico II Fieschi
- Messerano (1528-48) testone, eagle obverse/St. Theonestus
- Messerano (1530-48) testone, Pier Luca Fieschi
- Milan (1535-56) testone
- (1551) testone, Charles V = ¼ scudo
- Messerano (1584-1626) 1/4 tallero KM-MB125 = 21 grossi
- Milan (1494-1500) 2 testone d'oro Fr-698 Ludovico Maria Sforza
- (1551) testone, Charles V = ¼ scudo
- 1552-K mezzo scudo, Charles V
- (1554-98) mezzo scudo, Philip II
- Messerano (1584-1629) 2 fiorini
- 1588 mezzo scudo, Philip II
- Retegno 1726 1/2 tallero
- Milan 1736 1/2 filippo KM-152
- 1784-LB mezzo scudo
- Milan 1790-M 1/2 crocione
- Milan 1791-M 1/2 crocione
filippo
- 1701 ⅛ filippo, Philip V
- 1676 ¼ filippo
- 1579 filippo
- 1588 filippo
- 1594 filippo, Philip II
- Messerano (1598-1629) tallero Dav-3978
- 1605 filippo
- 1657 filippo
- 1666 filippo
- 1676 filippo
- 1694 filippo
- 1702 filippo, Philip V
- 1707 filippo
- Retegno 1676 filippo, "THEODORVS"
- Retegno 1676 filippo, "THEOD·"
- Retegno 1676 2 filippi Dav-4135
- Retegno 1676 3 filippi Dav-4134
- Retegno 1686 filippo Dav-4141
- Retegno 1726 tallero Dav-1482
ducatone
- (1556-77) ducatone, Philip II
- 1579 ducatone, date on obverse
- 1579 ducatone, date on both sides
- Milan 1582 ducatone Dav-8310
- 1585 ducatone
- 1602 ducatone
- 1608 ducatone
- 1622 ducatone
- 1630 ducatone
scudo
crocione
- 1787-M crocione (kronenthaler), Joseph II
- 1789-M crocione (kronenthaler), Joseph II
- 1792-M crocione (kronenthaler), Leopold II
- 1792-M crocione (kronenthaler), Francis II
- 1793-M crocione (kronenthaler)
- 1794-M crocione (kronenthaler)
- 1796-M crocione (kronenthaler)
- 1800-M crocione (kronenthaler)
- Cisalpine Republic 1800 scudo Dav-199
ducat
- Milan (1250-1310) 1/2 ambrosino d'oro Fr-673
- (1354-78) fiorino d'oro
- (1412-47) fiorino d'oro
- Milan (1450-66) ducat Fr-683
- Milan (1466-76) ducat Fr-688
- (1515-22) scudo d'oro del sole, François I
- (1521-35) scudo d'oro del sole, Francesco II Sforza
- Milan (1554-98) scudo d'oro Fr-718 Philip II of Spain
- Milan (1556-58) scudo d'oro Fr-719 Philip II of Spain
- Maccagno 1622 ducat Fr-498
- Maccagno 1623 ducat Fr-503
- Retegno 1724 ducat Fr-993
- 1778 zecchino
- 1779 zecchino
- 1782 zecchino
- 1786-M zecchino
- 1787-M zecchino
- Milan (1481) 2 ducats Fr-693
- Milan (1500-13) 2 ducats Fr-704
- Milan (1466-76) 10 ducats Fr-686
- Retegno 1676 10 ducats Fr-985a
- Retegno 1677 10 ducats Fr-986
- Retegno 1686 10 zecchini Fr-989
doppia and sovrano
- Milan (1534-56) 2 scudo d'oro Fr-708a = doppia.
- 1578 doppia
- 1582 doppia
- 1586 doppia
- 1588 doppia
- Milan 1589 doppia
- 1593 doppia
- 1594 doppia
- 1778 doppia
- Milan 1630 2 doppie Fr-724
- Milan 1779 2 doppie
- 1787-M ½ sovrano Fr-739e
- 1786-M sovrano
- 1787-M sovrano
- 1788-M sovrano
- 1789-M sovrano
- 1790-M sovrano, Joseph II
- 1793-M sovrano
- 1795-M sovrano
- 1800-M sovrano