France (1491-98) hardi de Bretagne
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The hardi had a face value of three deniers tournois. This type was struck for Brittany, as noted by the ermines on the reverse. The king, Charles VIII, more or less forcibly married Anne, duchess of Brittany, to prevent her domain falling into the hands of the Austrians. When he died in 1498, his brother Louis XII also married her for the same reason of state.
Recorded mintage: unknown.
Specification: 1.04 g, 0.239 fine silver.
Catalog reference: Dupl-599.
- Duplessy, Jean, Les Monnaies Françaises Royales de Hugues Capet à Louis XVI (987-1793), Tome I, 2e édition, Paris: Maison Platt, 1999.
- Roberts, James N., The Silver Coins of Medieval France (476-1610 AD), S. Salem, NY: Attic Books, 1996.
Link to:
- (1483-98) écu d'or au soleil du Dauphiné
- France (1488) karolus
- (1489) niquet
- (1490-98) douzain du Dauphiné
- (1491-98) karolus de Bretagne
- Brittany (1491) blanc à la targe, Anne
- (1498) grand blanc à la couronne
- (1498-1515) douzain au porc-épic de Bretagne
- (1498-1515) blanc de Provence
- Coins and currency dated 1491
- return to French royal coinage (to 1793)