Difference between revisions of "File:SB122-1002o.jpg"

• Orsini, Matt, Kyle Ponterio and Jeremy Bostwick, The 2022 NYINC Sale: World and Ancient Coins, featuring the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection and the Pat Johnson Collection, Costa Mesa, CA: Stack's Bowers LLC, 2021.
• Bitkin, Vladimir, Composite Catalogue of Russian Coins, Part II (1740-1917), Kiev: Moneta, 2003.
• Jaeger, Kurt, Die Deutschen Münzen seit 1871, Basel: Münzen und Medaillen AG, 1982.
• Cuhaj, George S., and Thomas Michael, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700, 6th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2014.
• Michael, Thomas, Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed., Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
• Davenport, John S., European Crowns and Talers, Since 1800, 2nd Ed., London: Spink & Son, 1964.
• Davenport, John S., European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed., London: Spink & Son, 1964.
• Siegs Møntcatalog 2016: Danmark med Omrader, 48 ed., Frederikssund, Siegs Forlag ApS, 2015.
• van der Wis, Jan, and Tom Passon, Catalogus van de Nederlandse Munten geslagen sind bet aantreden van Philips II tot aan het einde van de Bataafse Republiek (1555-1806), 2nd ed., Apeldoorn, Netherlands: Omni-Trading b.v., 2009.
• Fabrizi, Davide, Monete Italiane Regionale: Napoli, Pavia: Edizioni Numismatica Varesi, 2010.
• Alberto Gomes and Francisco Antonio Magro, Moedas Portuguesas e do Território Que Hoje é Portugal: Catálogo das Moedas Cunhadas para o Continentes e Ilhas Adjacentes, para os Territórios do Ultramar e Grão-Mestres Portugueses da Ordem de Malta, 6ª Edição, Lisbon: Associação Numismática de Portugal, 2013.
• van der Wis, Jan, and Tom Passon, Catalogus van de Nederlandse Munten geslagen sind bet aantreden van Philips II tot aan het einde van de Bataafse Republiek (1555-1806), 2nd ed., Apeldoorn, Netherlands: Omni-Trading b.v., 2009.
• Duplessy, Jean, Les Monnaies Françaises Royales de Hugues Capet à Louis XVI (987-1793), Tome II, 2e édition, Paris: Maison Platt, 1999.
• ^[2]Droulers, Frédéric, Répertoire General des Monnaies de Louis XIII à Louis XVI (1610-1792), 4e édition. Paris: AFPN, 2009.
• Gadoury, Victor, Monnaies Royales Françaises, 1610-1792, 5me éd., Monaco: Éditions Victor Gadoury, 2018.
• Cross, W. K., The Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 55th Ed., Toronto: Charlton International, 2001.
• Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg, Gold Coins of the World, From Ancient Times to the Present, 9th ed., Clifton, NJ: Coin and Currency Institute, 2017.
• Berman, Allen G., Papal Coins, South Salem, NY: Attic Books, 1991.
• Gigante, Fabio, Gigante 2016: Catalogo Nazionale delle Monete Italiano Dal '700 All'Euro, 24a ed. Varese, Italy, 2015.
• Montenegro, Eupremio, Montenegro 2015: Manuale del Collezionista di Monete Italiane, 30 ed., Torino, Italy: Montenegro s.a.s., 2014.

This specimen was lot 1002 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ALBANIA. 20 Franga Ari, 1927-V. Vienna Mint. Zog I. PCGS MS-65. Fr-6; KM-12. Mintage: 5,053. Struck to commemorate Prince George Kastrioti 'Skanderbeg,' this blazing Gem offers attractive mint brilliance and a satiny appearance. An overall appealing radiance exists to the luster, with the cartwheeling being unbroken by contact."

• Albania 1927-V 20 franga ari 6.45 g, 0.900 fine gold, 21 mm diameter.

This specimen was lot 1108 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,320. The catalog description^[1] noted, "FRANCE. Silver 5 Francs Essai (Pattern), 1831. Henry V (as King in Pretense). NGC PROOF-64. KMX-35; Maz-905; VG-2690. This fantastic looking example offers a pleasing appearance with flashy reflective surfaces and frosted devices. The beautiful, mottled patina is vivid mostly radiating from the edges and devices while the exposed areas are a soft gray with complete frosty design features. This pleasing near-Gem survivor offers great eye appeal worthy of an advance quality oriented collection.

The disputed King of France for a week in early August 1830, Henry V, Comte de Chambord (1820-83), was never proclaimed king, was the Legitimist (as opposed to Orleanist or Bonapartist) pretender to the throne of France. The crown ultimately fell to a rival claimant, from the House of Orleans, Louis Philippe. Numerous patterns or fantasies exist with his bust, all struck outside of France. This one was struck in silver (shown here), bronze (Maz-905c) and piéfort (double weight, Maz-905a)."

This specimen was lot 1117 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "FRANCE. Silver 5 Francs Essai (Pattern), 1871. Brussels Mint. Henry V (as King in Pretense). PCGS SPECIMEN-63. Maz-926; VG-2731. Highly original, this fantasy issue in silver exhibits swaths of variegated tone that sit atop highly reflective fields on both sides. For the collector of crowns, this piece absolutely represents an exotic type that is sure to impart great depth to the next collection it enters. Struck to recognize Henry of Artois, the Count of Chambord, as the French monarch. The last legitimate descendant in the male line of Louis XV of France (his great-great-grandfather), he was viewed by those who adhered to the traditional dynastic succession of descendants as their pretender from 1844-1883."

This specimen was lot 1136 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GERMANY. Brunswick-Luneburg-Celle. Taler, 1659-LW. Christian Ludwig. PCGS MS-62. Dav-6521; KM-211. Of outstanding quality, this broad Taler features lovely original brown tone over the surfaces and designs that are evenly struck and impressively complete. The finest we've seen for the type."

This specimen was lot 1154 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GERMANY. Pomerania-Wolgast. Swedish Occupation. 2 Talers, 1633. Gustav II Adolf. NGC AU-50. Dav-LS274 (under Erfurt); KM-M4; Ahlström-12. Weight: 57.38 gms. This large size issue was struck at the death of Gustav II (The Great), as commemorative pieces were given as gifts to dignitaries along the route of the funeral procession. The German state of Wolgast was occupied by Sweden during the Thirty Years' War and remained a dominion of Sweden until 1815. This generous sized issue is well struck and bears an exceptionally stunning design featuring the deceased ruler on the battlefield being carried off to heaven. Deep cabinet toning covers the surfaces that bear only light evidence of rub on the higher elements of the design. Likely to have been treasured since its issuance, this piece rises far beyond the normal issue in design and beauty."

This specimen was lot 1161 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,080. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GERMANY. Saxony. 2 Taler Klippe, 1615 (in chronogram). Johann Georg I. NGC AU-58. Dav-7586; KM-84. This Double Taler was issued to celebrate the baptism of August, the son of Johann Georg. Beautifully impressed details on the darkly toned and lightly handled lozenge-shaped planchet make this example excessively beautiful. Always a popular type, this piece is sure to impress many potential bidders."

This specimen was lot 1234 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Groat, ND (1483). London Mint; mm: halved sun & rose. Edward IV or Edward V. PCGS EF-45. S-2146; N-1631 (Edward IV). Obverse: Crowned facing bust within tressure of arches with trefoils at cusps; pellet below, V for W, unbarred A's; Reverse: Long cross pattee; trefoils in quarters. An EXTREMELY RARE and desirable type, this issue emanates from the final two months of the reign of Edward IV or the subsequently brief reign of Edward V (the Prince in the Tower), lasting little over two months. Deeply toned and quite well preserved, and a keystone type for any representative collection of the British sovereigns. Edward V son of Edward IV, he acquired the crown at age 12 at his fathers unexpected death. Richard III was entrusted to be the protector of his son, during Edward’s minority. Rumors flew that Edward V was an illegitimate child by virtue that his father’s marriage was not valid, and Edward was forced off the throne. His reign lasting only slightly longer than two months, his fate remains unknown. He was last known to have been imprisoned in the Tower of London and he progressively faded from public view over the course of the summer of 1483. From the Paul C. Runze Collection (includes old Spink stock ticket)."

This specimen was lot 1235 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $7,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Groat, ND (1483). London Mint; mm: halved sun & rose. Richard III. PCGS AU-58. S-2154; N-1679. Obverse: Crowned facing bust within tressure of arches with trefoils at cusps; RICΛRD; Reverse: Long cross pattee; trefoils in quarters. Without doubt, one of the most attractive and alluring examples of the type that one can hope to encounter, this barely handled survivor presents elegant cabinet toning and a good deal of brilliance emanating from the protected areas. All details and devices are bold and well struck, and this breathtaking specimen will assuredly generate tremendous enthusiasm and spirited bidding. Though his name has been overshadowed by the Shakespearian play about him, Richard III plays an important role as the last English monarch of the House of York. The son of Richard Duke of York, his father was a claimant to the throne held by Henry VI. This group, known as the House of York, vied in open civil war against loyalists to Henry VI known as Lancastrians. Despite the conflict, Richard ascended the throne from Edward V based on a rumor perpetuated that Edward V was an illegitimate child of Edward IV. Parliament confirmed his ascension and Edward, his own nephew, disappeared shortly thereafter. If Richard had a hand in this is still unknown, but the possibility has been speculated since at least the time of Shakespeare. Never fully in control of his realm, Richard rode to face Henry VII in the Battle of Bosworth field. Despite his army having superior numbers, his forces were routed, and Richard III died in battle, according to his adversary, gallantly. The death of Richard III signaled the end of the house of York, and the beginning of the House of Tudor under Henry VII. From the Paul C. Runze Collection (purchased from Davisson's)."

This specimen was lot 1236 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Groat, ND (1484-85). London Mint; mm: halved sun & rose. Richard III. PCGS EF-45. S-2158; N-1680. Obverse: Crowned facing bust within tressure of arches with trefoils at cusps; pellet below bust, RICΛRD; Reverse: Long cross pattee; trefoils in quarters. Handsomely toned and exhibiting very slight clipping, this RARE issue emanates from the final two years of the rather brief reign of Richard III, whose defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the War of the Roses and served as the traditional close of the middle ages on the British Isles. From the Paul C. Runze Collection (purchased from Davisson's)."

This specimen was lot 1241 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Rarely Available Edward VI Half Sovereign. GREAT BRITAIN. 1/2 Sovereign, ND (1551-53). London Mint; mm: tun. Edward VI. PCGS EF-45. S-2451; Fr-187; N-1928. Third period, crown gold issue. Obverse: Crowned and armored half-length bust right, holding sword and orb; Reverse: Coat-of-arms; crown above; E-R across field. Quite elegant and pleasing for the type, presenting only honest wear and a well centered strike on a flan without problems. Undoubtedly worthy of a strong bid from the advanced collector of medieval gold. Henry VIII’s only surviving legitimate son, he was forced to succeed the throne as a boy of 9. Edward’s uncle Edward Seymour ruled in the name of his nephew and several military conquests took place during his rule. The English Reformation continued under Edward VI with Edward being raised Protestant. Edward’s short reign ended at the age of 15 when he died of illness, meaning he was a king though never an adult. At the end of his life, fearful that his Catholic half-sister Mary would wear the crown, he dictated that his first cousin Lady Jane Grey would rule after him as a well-educated Protestant ruler. Despite this, only 9 days after his death, Mary deposed Lady Jane Grey and she was never coronated. Edward’s worst fears of a Catholic monarch were realized in the short but brutal reign of Mary. From the Paul C. Runze Collection (purchased from Davisson's)."

This specimen was lot 1242 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Shilling, 1549. Canterbury Mint; mm: t. Edward VI. PCGS EF-45. S-2468; N-1921. Second period, second (base silver) issue under William Tillsworth. Obverse: Crowned and mantled bust right; Reverse: Garnished coat-of-arms; E-R across field. This very attractive Shilling of Edward is lightly circulated and has a bit of luster remaining, while the strike is strongly above average for the type. From the Paul C. Runze Collection. Ex: Davisson's 37 (2/2018) Lot # 148 @ $2,600 hammer. Ex: Dix Noonan Webb (6/2003) Lot # 427 @ £850 hammer."

This specimen was lot 1254 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $9,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Laurel (20 Shillings), ND (1624). London Mint; mm: trefoil. James I. PCGS AU-55. S-2638B; Fr-242; KM-75; N-2114. Obverse: Laureate, draped, and armored bust left; XX (mark of value) to right; Reverse: Coat-of-arms over long cross fourchee; crown above. This exceptional Laurel has beautiful gold luster that shimmers and sheens. Very well struck, far beyond the common hammered strike, with exquisite detail in the portraiture and strong and bold legends. A fine piece for the discerning collector. From the Paul C. Runze Collection."

This specimen was lot 1258 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. Crown, 1645. Exeter Mint. Charles I. NGC EF-40. S-3062; KM-334. Crudely produced as it commonplace, however completely original, with deep brown tone atop the damage-free surfaces. Pleasing rendering of the date and legends that are near complete should entice the collector seeking an example of this Civil War era coinage."

This specimen was lot 1259 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $10,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 1/2 Crown, ND (1643-44). York Mint; mm: lion passant. Charles I. PCGS AU-58. S-2868; KM-312; N-2314. Type VI. Weight: 14.88 g. Obverse: Charles, holding sword and reins, riding horse left; EBOR below; Reverse: Garnished coat-of-arms; crown above; crowned C-R across field. A brilliant eye pleaser, this example is tied with one other for the distinction of being the finest known example ever certified by PCGS. With strong underlying luster and golden yellow sheens, this piece from the English Civil War has sharp and vivid details and only the faintest hint of wear. The absolute premier example for the cabinet of the British hammered collector. From the Paul C. Runze Collection."

This specimen was lot 1266 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $22,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GREAT BRITAIN. 5 Guineas Year TRICESIMO SECUNDCO, 1680/79. London Mint. Charles II. NGC EF-45. Fr-281; S-3331; KM-444.1. Perhaps a bit conservatively graded, the fields retain lustrous flashiness with the addition of beautiful reddish toning accents that compliment the appearance on both sides. While faint (and not recorded on the NGC insert), we note the appearance of an overdate, with the remnants of the '7' visible beneath the '8' in the date. As is always the case with 5 Guinea issues that are without major problems, a coin for which there is a far greater number of interested buyers than there are examples available."

This specimen was lot 1359 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $12,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "INDIA. Awadh. Ashrafi, AH 1234 Year 5. Muhammadabad Banaras Mint. Ghazi ud-Din Haidar. NGC MS-65. Fr-1009; KM-170.1. Entirely as-struck, this amazing Gem displays well-executed detail in the designs and scintillating unblemished luster in the fields. A miracle coin, this is unsurprisingly the single finest graded of the issue at NGC."

This specimen was lot 1387 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description^[1] noted, "IRELAND. Shilling, 1561. Dublin Mint; mm: Harp. Elizabeth I. PCGS EF-45. S-6505. Remarkably choice for the issue, this piece exhibits a bold strike (and a tremendous portrait of Elizabeth I!) on a round flan of good quality with no marks of noteworthiness over the surfaces. A thin ring of blue tone at the edges adds additional character to this example that is only surpassed by a singe AU-50 in the PCGS population report."

This specimen was lot 1388 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,080. The catalog description^[1] noted, "IRELAND. Shilling, ND (1601-02). Dublin Mint; mm: Trefoil. Elizabeth I. NGC MS-60. S-6507; KM-9.3. Obverse: Crowned harp; Reverse: Shield of arms. Virtually as struck with bright luster, however crudely produced as is often the case, with some strike doubling, localized softness and irregular edges of note. Even so, RARE and truly a marvel in this condition."

This specimen was lot 1397 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Florence. Florin, ND (1342). NGC AU-58. cf. Fr-276; MIR-9/30; CNI-266/7. Weight: 3.51 g. Marked 'S' for Filippo di Lippo Angiolieri as Mintmaster. Obverse: St. John the Baptist stands facing, holding cruciform scepter; Reverse: Ornate lily. Evenly struck with uniform color and just a hint of handling that determines the grade. A RARE, early variety of this classic gold type." reverse is upside down.

This specimen was lot 1398 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Florence. Scudo d'Oro, ND (1536-74). Cosimo I. PCGS AU-58. Fr-286. Weight: 3.39 g. This very well struck example presents full legends and only light wear on the honey golden surfaces. An example that is sure to satisfy collectors of hammered gold."

This specimen was lot 1402 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Milan. 20 Soldi, ND (1556-58). Philip II of Spain. PCGS MS-62. MIR-320/2. Delightfully preserved with purple-gray tone in the centers and copper-golden highlights around the legends. The surfaces remains nearly as-made, with minor planchet voids being the primary contributor to the grade."

This specimen was lot 1404 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Modena. Scudo d'Oro, ND (1505-34). Alfonso I D'Este. PCGS Genuine--Repaired, AU Details. Fr-760. Weight: 3.30 g. An early example of Italian gold, this piece from Modena has beautiful honey gold tone and only light wear on the surfaces. As PCGS notes, there has been a repair that is evident at 10 o'clock. This piece would be a nice addition for lovers of world gold that are constrained by budget."

This specimen was lot 1417 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $18,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Fantastic 4 Scudi d'Oro of Carlo Emanuele II. ITALY. Savoy. 4 Scudi d'Oro, 1640. Torino Mint. Carlo Emanuele II. PCGS MS-64. Fr-1071; KM-172.1. Obverse: CHR FRAN CAR EMAN DVCES SAB, jugate draped busts of Carlo and Cristina, his mother and regent, right: Reverse: P P PEDEMON REGES CYPRI, crowned and garnished coat-of-arms. This beautiful near-Gem example gives good luster and is free of any major contacts. A golden hue is sometimes interrupted by licks of orange tone. A touch of a soft strike, but existing nonetheless in a state of preservation that has been unmatched by any other PCGS example. Seldom encountered in this elite condition, this gorgeous representative is destined for an fine cabinet of the connoisseur."

This specimen was lot 1419 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Tuscany. Piastre, 1677. Cosimo III de' Medici. PCGS AU-58. Dav-4209 = KM; MIR-326/4. An immensely charming example of this classic crown that depicts St. John baptizing Christ. Far better than most seen, the surfaces reflect only slight circulation with classic cabinet tone that has imparted a rich gray base of color with strong saturations of antiqued gold, blue, and green hue visible when the coin is turned against the light. For the collector that prizes originality, this piece absolutely qualifies as a "must see"!"

This specimen was lot 1424 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ITALY. Venice. Ducatone, ND (1767)-DG. Alvise Mocenigo IV. NGC MS-61. KM-664; Dav-1559; Paolucci-23. Sharply detailed with a base of rich olive-brown tone over both sides that contains instances of attractive multicolored iridescence. RARE as a type and especially so in this certified Mint State quality."

• Venice (1767)-DG ducatone Dav-1559

This specimen was lot 1430 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "JAPAN. Tajima. Nan Ryo, ND (1750). PCGS EF-45. KM-65; JNDA-09-75. An attractive gray-toned piece with slightly lighter color on the highpoints. A RARE provincial type. Tajima Province was located in what is today a northern area of Hyōgo Prefecture. The region is perhaps best known to outsiders as the birthplace of Kobe beef."

This specimen was lot 1448 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description^[1] noted, "MALTA. Order of Malta. XV (15) Tari, 1759. Valletta Mint. Emmanuel Pinto. PCGS AU-58. KM-252. A fully handsome example from the Order of Malta, this piece from an unusual issuer flashes with a luster and a hint of red tone. Only a faint hint of wear exists on John the Baptist, making this a superb example for the 'one from every country crowd'."

This specimen was lot 1466 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "NETHERLANDS. Utrecht. 2 Ducats, 1657. NGC AU-55. Fr-282; KM-42.1. This decently preserved example exhibits a good strike on a somewhat wavy planchet with signs of handling consistent for the grade displaying a pale golden coloration." actually 1653.

This specimen was lot 1475 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "NORWAY. Speciedaler, 1641. Christiania Mint. Christian IV. NGC MS-64. Dav-3534; KM-12; Sieg-16.1; H-5A. An exceptional specimen, this near-Gem offers fully white surfaces across vividly struck devices and legends. Full strikes from this period are uncommon, and this example has one of the nicest reverses of any example seen. Some evidence of roughness of planchet is seen in the fields, but even so these flaws are so inconsequential that they should hardly be worthy of mention. This example is the finest graded Speciedaler for the type on either NGC or PCGS population reports, and is worthy of a premium bid from the most advanced of European crown collectors."

This specimen was lot 1497 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $900,000. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"The Magnificent 80 Ducat of Sigismund III, An Immense and Museum-Worthy Relic, Thought to be Unique in this Weight. POLAND. 80 Ducats, 1621-SA//II-VE. Bromberg Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS AU-50. Friedberg-Unlisted; KM-F43; Hutten-Czapski-Unlisted; Kopicki-1443; Kaminski-1768; Dutkowski-95; Kaleniecki-p. 106 (this coin); Jasek dies-A/A. Diameter: 69mm; Weight: 282.84 g. Samuel Amman, engraver, and Jakub Jakubson von Emden, mint administrator. Obverse: SIGISMVNDVS III D G POLONIÆ ET SVECIÆ REX, armored bust right in heavily ornamented garnishing, wearing Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece; engraver's initials (SA) and date within ornamentation; a second date in very small digits just above the leonine shoulder plate; Reverse: MAGNVS DVX LITVAN RVSS PRVSS MAS SAM LIVON ZC, crowned complex coat-of-arms of Poland and Lithuania, with the arms of Sweden appearing as an escutcheon in the center; all within Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

This exceptional beauty is among the finest pieces ever created and reaches into the metaphysical form of beauty where words can scarcely describe the grandeur. This medallic coin was likely struck to commemorate the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's claimed victory over the Ottoman Empire at the battle of Khotyn in 1621, as the date is featured 3 times on the design. While the battle was far from decisive, it was the first time in which the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's army had stopped further expansion by the Ottomans. Sigismund III was a staunch Roman Catholic who would have been likely to celebrate his defense of Christendom against the encroaching Islamic influence of the Ottomans in the most celebratory of fashions. The dies for these gold pieces were engraved by Samuel Amman, who had previously been employed at the Danzig Mint between 1610-1613. Amman had a reputation as a master engraver, and the care that he took in engraving these dies is evident by the immense detail in the arms and portrait. This 80 Ducats example was struck using the same dies as the crowning example of this series, the 100 Ducats, just on a thinner planchet. Amman died shortly after the engraving was complete in March of 1622, but it is entirely possible these dies were used for years afterwards, making a firmer dating of this piece impossible. It is not even certain as to what the intended denomination was to be, if any, as it was struck in a weight comparable to 80 Ducats worth of gold, and Dutkowski lists this piece as being 80-81 Ducats. Most likely, this piece blurred the lines between medal and coin and acted as a storage of wealth for the most moneyed of people in the Commonwealth. There also remains a strong possibility that these issues were donative in nature, as their extreme rarity makes it inconceivable that they were ever meant to circulate.

This example of the 80 Ducats has a strong pedigree attached to it, as it is attributed to the private collection of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. Niemcewicz was a Polish polymath who is today remembered for his contributions to literature and his work as a statesman. One of his works was on the life and reign of Sigismund III, but a preliminary search of this text yields no mention of any of these issues. Niemcewicz also kept diaries, but he makes no mention of ownership of this piece there either. Interestingly though, he did travel to the United States and lived in Philadelphia for a time while it was still the capital of the United States. He was appointed a member of the American Philosophical Society and, to mark the occasion, he gifted the society with a 1794 Polish gold coin for their collection. It is unclear if he ever made any further donations of coins to the society or actively traded in coins. After his death, the provenance attaches to a somewhat mysterious "Obersdorfer," or "Obersdorffer," according to Dutkowski. It is not immediately clear if this is a collection or auction firm, though a search of contemporary auction catalogs produced no evidence of such a firm existing in the United States, Germany, Austria, or Switzerland, the most likely nations given the name. It seems probable that this was a private collection that got dispersed at some point. Worth mentioning is a 1917 reference in Mehl's Numismatics Monthly (Vol 8, Issue 5, p. 75) to a 70 Ducats being displayed at the Chicago Numismatic Society on behalf of famed collector Virgil Brand. The article mentions that Brand also possessed examples of the 100 and 80 Ducats issue. If this is correct, it is either the same Niemcewicz example or another example that h[a]s not resurfaced in 100 years. More firmly, this example came to market at a 1992 Crédit de la Bourse sale. In 1995, Stack's sold this example to the current owner, and it has been in the Clifton-Wild Collection ever since.

The hefty gold planchet has an overall honey-golden color that is highlighted by some orange toning on the legends near the peripheries. Some light wear is present, though it is not deep or defacing of any of the rich detail present. Occasional marks in the fields are observed consistent with the grade, and some minor edge nicks exist. None of these minor flaws should amount to any detraction given the supreme RARITY and overall beauty of the coin. For a tremendous piece of numismatic history that comes to auction but once a generation, the competition should be fierce for the premium collector to add their name to the illustrious pedigree. This probably UNIQUE Polish beauty may exceed its estimate on its way to a place in numismatic lore. From the Clifton-Wild Collection. Ex: Stack's (12/1995) Lot #820. Ex Crédit de la Bourse (4/1992) Lot #806. Ex. J. U. Niemcewicz Collection. Possibly Ex: Virgil Brand Collection."

This specimen was lot 1498 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $78,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Stunning Donative City View 3 Ducats of Danzig. POLAND. Danzig. 3 Ducats, ND (1649-68)-GR. Danzig Mint. Johann Casimir. PCGS MS-63. Fr-30; KM-51.1; Hutton-Czapski-2348 (R2); Kam-958. Mint master's initials are those of Gerhard Rogge, who served at the Danzig mint from 1639-1656. Almost all accounts of this piece label it as a donative issue, which is quite likely based on the stunning reverse design that is far different than the normal arms of Danzig that feature on hammered Danzig gold. This example is the finest and only example certified by PCGS, and NGC does not appear to list this type on their registry. Glowing golden luster features strongly on this specimen, with more brilliant hints of orange tone interspersed throughout. A die crack is noted on the obverse to the right of portrait, and although entirely as-made, possibly prevented and even higher , given that there is far less contact than expected on an MS-63. A true rarity for the series, it is one of the most marvelous pieces of Polish gold to be offered. Ex: WAG (3/2007) Lot # 2910. Ex: Hess-Divo (10/2001) Lot # 37."

This specimen was lot 1500 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $19,200. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Rare and Important Double Ducat, POLAND. 2 Ducats (Crown), ND (1674-96). Bromberg Mint. Johann III Sobieski. PCGS Genuine--Repaired, Unc Details. Fr-96; KM-133; Hutton-Czapski-2532; Kop-2007; Gum-2038. Weight: 6.81 g. Obverse: 'IOAN:III D:G:REX POL.M:D:LIT.R:PR.'; Reverse: 'SOLI DEO LAUS HONOR & GLORIA'. This EXTREMELY RARE gold issue, clearly struck in limited quantities, seldom appears on the market and usually with many years or decades between appearances. The strike is bold with evidence of being struck multiple times on a wavy flan and plenty of remaining luster in the protected areas. Close inspection reveals central planchet laminations on both sides and several small scratches in the obverse fields accounts for the details designation. Despite its shortcomings this type is highly desirable in any condition and is sure to add depth to the next collection it enters.

It is interesting to note that there are probably only about eight known examples of this issue, four in institutions (Czapski, National Museum in Warsaw, Vienna and the Hermitage). It is our understanding that the famous Polish Numismatic author Marian Gumowski knew of four examples in private collections (Potocki, Sobanski, Mankowski and Czerwinski) though the where abouts of these are unknown to us."

This specimen was lot 1511 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PORTUGAL. 400 Reis, 1830. Lisbon Mint. Miguel. NGC MS-66. Dav-263; KM-386. A coin that defies explanation based on its grade; these types are never found in condition approaching this Gem. A hint of almond tone hugs the lustrous surfaces in a display of majesty and regality. This example is the highest graded specimen by NGC and is tied with one other from PCGS for the honor. A coin the winning bidder will be enthralled to have in their collection."

• Portugal 1830 400 reis m. 29,000, struck 1828-34 for Miguel I.

This specimen was lot 1525 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Charming Circulated "Mourning Ruble" Issue, RUSSIA. Ruble, 1725. St. Petersburg Mint. Catherine I. NGC VF-35. KM-167; Dav-1663; Bit-71. Unbroken Legend variety. One of the most popular types of the entire portrait Ruble series, this beauty displays lovely gunmetal gray color that combines perfectly with the even wear to give an antiquated charm. Some scattered contacts are present, but none that are excessively deep or distracting. This wholly original Ruble is free from any of the common planchet flaws that plague this series, and therefore should be in high demand, despite its circulation."

This specimen was lot 1532 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,300. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. Ruble, 1738-CNB. St. Petersburg Mint. Anna. NGC MS-62. KM-204; Dav-1675; Bit-234; Dia-17. Wholly blast white and incredibly brilliant, this Mint State specimen presents overall quality that is RARELY encountered. The surfaces remain glistening and original, though some minor planchet flaws near the peripheries on the reverse are noted for completeness."

This specimen was lot 1535 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. Ruble, 1749-MMA. Moscow Mint. Elizabeth. NGC MS-63. KM-C19.1; Dav-1677; Bit-121. Wonderous with a sheening luster, this attractive example yields boastful details and some subtle gold tone on the peripheries. Well-struck with an easily identifiable strike-through that runs from Elizabeth's head to the legend around 9 o'clock, this choice Ruble is tied for the finest certified by NGC, and certainly is one the most aesthetically pleasing examples extant. A must have for the collector of Rubles seeking a premium piece for their collection."

This specimen was lot 1546 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. Polupoltinnik (1/4 Ruble), 1803-CNB AN. St. Petersburg Mint. Alexander I. PCGS AU-50. KM-C121; Bit-52. A very handsome piece, this example has attractive steely gray surfaces and light wear across the devices. A few laminations present on the obverse which is a somewhat common problem on early Russian issues. Even still, this charming piece is a wholesome representative of the type."

• 1803-СПБ AИ polupoltinnik m. 152,000. mintmaster AI for 1799-1803.

This specimen was lot 1553 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $18,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Immaculate Gem Quality 1850 Ruble, RUSSIA. Ruble, 1850-CNB NA. St. Petersburg Mint. Nicholas I. NGC MS-66. KM-C168.1; Bit-226. A coin that is destined to wow all lovers of beauty, this Ruble effortlessly reflects any light that comes into contact with the surfaces, giving a cartwheel that would make the best Russian gymnast proud. Perfectly impressed details inhere to the argent and frosty planchet that beams with a luster nearly uninterrupted. Some dark toning is closely held by the reverse wreath that yields to a slight overall golden tinge when this Gem is held at an angle to the light. The finest certified by NGC, it is a masterclass in beauty."

• 1850-СПБ ПА ruble m. 1,600,000.

This specimen was lot 1578 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,760. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SPAIN. Excelente, ND (1476-1516)-G. Granada Mint. Ferdinand & Isabella. NGC MS-62. Fr-135; Cal-Type 115 #124. Boldly struck with impressive detail within the facing portraits, the reverse shield, as well as the legends on both sides. Glowing orange-gold highlights further contributes to the superb appearance. Absolutely SCARCE and highly coveted in this certified Mint State quality."

This specimen was lot 1584 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,980. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SPANISH NETHERLANDS. Tournai. 2 Albertins, 1602. Antwerp Mint. Albert and Elisabeth. PCGS AU-58. Fr-389; KM-6. Weight: 4.97 g. This early piece from the Spanish Netherlands gives evidence of only light handling consistent for the grade. Supremely attractive, the rich golden luster is complemented by attractive pale orange patina."

This specimen was lot 1585 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SPANISH NETHERLANDS. Brabant. 2 Souverain d'Or, 1637. Brussels Mint. Philip IV. NGC AU Details--Cleaned. Fr-106; KM-74.2. Weight: 10.98 g. Obverse: Ornamented bust facing right; Reverse: Crowned coat-of-arms. Despite the "cleaned" notation by NGC, a rather handsome representative of this uncommon type with bold color and central detail. While faint lines become visible upon magnified inspection, they have little influence on the appearance when viewed normally."

This specimen was lot 1587 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,240. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SWEDEN. 2 Riksdaler, ND (1587). Stockholm Mint. Johan III. PCGS EF-40. Dav-LS572. A VERY RARE issue, this broad, silver striking presents a charming tone with even wear across the higher points, while some hints of brilliance remain in the protected areas at the peripheries. A minor planchet flaw is noted below the bust of the king, but blends in rather well with the overall wholesome and original nature."

This specimen was lot 1598 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,760. The catalog description^[1] noted, "THAILAND. 2 Baht, ND (1863). Bangkok Mint. Rama IV. PCGS MS-62. Dav-308; KM-Y-12. This ever-popular issue has a deep, entrancing tone as well as a bold strike gives the full range of details. A lovely piece that is sure to attract much attention."

• Thailand (1863) 2 baht 30.2 g, 0.900 fine silver.

This specimen was lot 1600 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "TRANSYLVANIA. Ducat, 1611/0. Gabriel Bathori. PCGS MS-62. Fr-336; KM-74; Resch-113; Huszar-244. Weight: 3.47 g. Overdate. The only example graded on the PCGS population report. This RARE Ducat from the land where Bram Stoker's Dracula was set offers uncirculated details and a pale golden tone. Very little evidence of handling is present, but some weakness of strike is noted, a common affliction for the type. A great piece that only occasionally reaches market."

This specimen was lot 2004 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1663-P E. Potosi Mint, Assayer Antonia de Ergueta (E). Philip IV. NGC EF Details--Plugged. KM-R21; Lazaro-169 (same dies); Cal-1431; Calb-1059. Weight: 27.10 g. A nicely preserved and attractive example of this ever-popular RARE date presentation issue exhibiting boldly struck devices with minor doubling on both sides and two bold dates. The surfaces of this moderately worn example display rich mottled gray and slate patina with a slight iridescent sheen. Though in a details holder for being plugged, close inspection under 10 power magnification does not seem to reveal any noticeable evidence of being repaired. Despite its shortcomings this handsome survivor offers a pleasing appearance with a tasteful, nearly imperceptible expertly repaired hole now toned over and very difficult to detect. A wholesome example of the type that is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2006 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1667-P E. Potosi Mint, Assayer Antonia de Ergueta (E). Charles II. NGC AU Details--Plugged. KM-R26; Lazaro-178 (same dies); Cal-662. Weight: 26.75 g. The only certified example on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This EXTREMELY RARE and seldom encountered first date of Charles II exhibits boldly struck central devices with minor doubling. The centers are slightly bulbous with fairly complete legends, though areas of flatness are noticed on both sides as usual for this series. This handsome example displays rich mottled ash and slate gray patina indicative of prolonged storage. Close inspection reveals evidence of being plugged in the center of the "O" of "ANO", now toned over matching the rest of the coin. Despite its shortcomings an attractive survivor of the type certain to excite many collectors. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2013 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $10,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 4 Escudos, 1783/2/1-PTS PR. Potosi Mint. Charles III. NGC AU-55. Fr-2; KM-58; cf. Cal-1848. The only certified example of the date on either NGC or PCGS population reports. This VERY RARE issue, with clear double overdate (3/2/1), exhibits light signs of handling consistent for the grade offering a bold even strike with plenty of remaining satiny luster. Hints of flashiness in the protected areas pop out when rotated in the light complemented by a pleasing honey-gold coloration. An attractive example of this tough type that is wholly original looking with good eye appeal. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Purchased privately from Richard Ponterio circa 1982."

This specimen was lot 2014 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $21,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 4 Escudos, 1790/89-PTS PR. Potosi Mint. Charles IV. NGC AU-58. Fr-7; KM-67; cf. Cal-1520. The only certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. Two-year transitional bust type with the bust of Charles III, but in the name of Charles IV (ordinal IV). This EXTREMELY RARE and attractive example exhibits a bold strike with lustrous satiny surfaces and hints of flash that pop out with rotated in the light. A few small unobtrusive planchet laminations are noticed on the obverse purely mentioned for accuracy, but are hardly a distraction for this seldom encountered issue. Charming and attractive, with a clear overdate, this gently circulated piece is pleasing to the eye sure to garner much attention for collectors. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Purchased privately from Mike Dunigan circa late 1970's."

This specimen was lot 2016 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,320. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. 4 Escudos, 1808-PTS PJ. Potosi Mint. Charles IV. NGC AU-50. Fr-15; KM-80; Cal-1539. The only certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This wholesome looking survivor exhibits boldly struck devices with even wear displaying plenty [of] remaining luster in the protected areas. The surfaces are smooth with a pale orange coloration adding to its pleasing appearance and originality. Seldom encountered in any grade and should be considered VERY RARE and desirable. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

• Bolivia 1808-PTS PJ 4 escudos m. 323.

This specimen was lot 2017 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $60,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Beautiful Pattern 4 Soles, BOLIVIA. Silver 4 Soles Pattern, 1827-PTS JM. Potosi Mint. NGC PROOF-63. KM-Pn1; Guttag-304C. An EXTREMELY RARE pattern only issue, quite possibly UNIQUE. This highly interesting type is completely different than those struck for circulation. Depicting a much thinner plain bust of Bolivar without laurel wreath on the obverse, while the reverse is identical to that of the circulation issues. The strike is sharp with hard flashy surfaces and crisp well-defined devices displaying a thin layer of mottled patina. A real treat for the advanced Bolivian collector seeking hard to locate special issues. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Norweb Collection (Christie's Dallas 11/1985) Lot # 607. Possibly Ex: Guttag Collection."

• Bolivia 1827-PTS JM 4 soles KM-Pn1 first pattern listed in KM.

This specimen was lot 2022 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Attractive Transitional Bust 4 Escudos of Charles IV, CHILE. Mint Error -- Obverse Lamination -- 4 Escudos, 1789-So DA. Santiago Mint. Charles IV. NGC AU-55. Fr-20; KM-41.1; Cal-1557. The finest certified of the type on either the NGC or PCGS population reports, with only two other examples being certified, a 1790 NGC XF Details and 1791 PCGS AU 50. First year of issue for this three-year transitional bust type with the bust of Charles III, but in the name of Charles IV (ordinal IV). EXTREMELY RARE and highly desirable, this charming example offers a pleasing appearance with a bold strike and light even wear primarily contained to the high points and exposed areas. Plenty of flash remains intact in the protected areas of the legends and amongst the devices with a hint of pale orange on the tops of the devices. The fields in front of the bust show a lamination, as indicated on the NGC insert, adding a bit a character to this seldom encountered issue. Despite its shortcomings this handsome survivor is sure to excite many collectors for the opportunity to acquire the elusive issue. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Norweb Collection (Spink America 3/1997) Lot # 138."

This specimen was lot 2023 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,040. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Wholesome and Desirable Transitional Bust 4 Escudos, CHILE. 4 Escudos, 1790-So DA. Santiago Mint. Charles IV. NGC EF Details--Obverse Cleaned. Fr-20; KM-41.1; Cal-1559. Mintage: 3,332. The only example certified of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. Second year of issue for this three-year transitional bust type with the bust of Charles III, but in the name of Charles IV (ordinal IV). This wholesome moderately worn survivor exhibits a bold strike with honest even wear offering much originality and eye appeal. The exposed fields and edges of the designs to the right of the bust are a bit brighter indicative of a past cleaning, accounting for the details designation, but is hardly a distraction for this EXTREMELY RARE issue. Despite its shortcomings this handsome, original looking and seldom encountered issue offers a pleasing appearance. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Acquired via private treaty from Mike Dunigan."

This specimen was lot 2027 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "COLOMBIA. Cob 4 Reales, 1622-S A. Bogota Mint. Philip IV. NGC EF-40. KM-2.1; Restrepo/Lasser-M33S-2. Weight: 13.03 g. The only certified example on the either NGC or PCGS populations reports. This EXTREMELY RARE early type seldom appears on the market and is always heavily sought after. This crudely made issue exhibits a decent, but uneven strike with a good portion of the details in the shield present, clear assayers letter and mint mark and a nearly complete ordinal "IIII". The cross is bold and complete with minor evidence of strike doubling. The surfaces do exhibit a slight granularity from saltwater emersion, but are quite nice and wholesome looking. An attractive example of the type with good eye appeal displaying rich gray tone with slate patina and minor earthen deposits amongst the devices adding to its originality. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Atocha. With original certificate from Treasure Salvors, Inc."

This specimen was lot 2031 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "COLOMBIA. Cob 4 Reales, 1664-NR P.OR. Bogota Mint. Philip IV. NGC EF-45. KM-10.1; Restrepo/Lasser-M38S (date not listed). Weight: 13.70 gms. The only example certified of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This EXTREMELY RARE date, not listed in either standard reference on the subject (Restrepo or Restrepo/Lasser), is beautifully preserved and highly attractive. The strike is bold, though slightly uneven, with a strong full four digit date, mintmark and assayers letters on the obverse. The shield on the reverse is nearly complete, though a small area of flatness in the lower right quadrant noticed, with partial denomination and king's ordinal "IIII" where the tops of the numerals are off the flan. This lovely example boasts gorgeous rich cabinet patina with an iridescent sheen that pops out when tilting in the light adding to is fantastic eye appeal and originality. An excellent example of the type that is sure to catch the attention of many collectors of the series. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2032 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,900. The catalog description^[1] noted, "COLOMBIA. Cob 4 Escudos, 1744-FS. Bogota Mint. Philip V. NGC EF-45. Fr-7; KM-23; Restrepo/Lasser-M82S-4. The only example certified on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This VERY RARE and seldom encountered issue exhibits a bold strike on a compact planchet with nearly complete shield and cross. Portions of the date are off the flan, but easily identifiable. The surfaces display even wear with minor earthen deposits in the protected areas adding to its originality and pleasing appearance. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2033 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,280. The catalog description^[1] noted, "COLOMBIA. Cob 4 Escudos, 1750-FS. Bogota Mint. Ferdinand VI. NGC EF Details--Mount Removed. Fr-12; KM-27; Restrepo/Lasser-M96S-5. The only example certified of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. A decently preserved survivor of this VERY RARE date exhibiting boldly struck full cross, shield, denomination and last three digits of the date on a somewhat compact flan. The surfaces display an attractive pale gold tone with brighter coloration on the high points. Close inspection reveals evidence of being removed from jewelry as indicated on the NGC insert. Despite its shortcoming a handsome and presentable example of the type sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2038 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "GIBRALTAR. Gibraltar - Mexico. 1/2 Dollar, ND (ca. 1765). NGC VF-30. KM-19 (plate coin, Martinique); Prid-17 (Dominica). Weight: 10.86 g. Type IV countermark: blunt heart-shaped cut-out with ornamented edges; all on a 1744-Mo MF Mexico pillar 4 Reales of Philip V. This denomination is by far the least seen from this series and should be considered EXTREMELY RARE. This moderately worn example exhibits even wear displaying attractive old cabinet patina with richer slate patination near the edges and in the crevasses. The cut, though slightly uneven from a somewhat degraded punch, offers clear details of the ornamental design and exhibits signs of wear that one would expect from the assigned grade. This highly desirable issue, missing from many important collections, is seldom encountered and is always heavily sought after as few examples are known to have survived today. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: John J. Ford Collection (Glendining's London 10/1989) Lot # 72."

This specimen was lot 2041 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $18,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Exceptional Quality Heaton Mint 4 Reales Pattern, GUATEMALA. Silver 4 Reales Pattern, 1895-H CB. Heaton Mint. NGC SPECIMEN-66+. KM-Pn30; Sweeny-GA9p; Prober-Pl.X # 32-YB. Estimated Mintage: 10, but only five can be confirmed at this time. The single finest certified on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This EXTREMELY RARE and beautifully preserved specimen exudes originality. Masterfully executed, this specially prepared proof exhibits crisp frosty devices with pristine surfaces that display rich old mottled cabinet patina highlighted by cobalt iridescence that pops out when tilted in the light. The brilliance is subdued by the rich patination, but retains much reflectivity that catches the light when rotated. Attractive with fantastic eye appeal, this fantastic representative is destined to garner much attention from advanced collectors seeking tough to locate issues. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

• Guatemala 1895-H 4 reales pattern

This specimen was lot 2044 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $84,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Extremely Rare "3 Bars" 3 Reales, MEXICO. Early Series. 3 Reales, ND (ca. 1536)-R. Mexico City Mint, Assayer R (R/oMo-oMo). Carlos & Johanna. NGC EF-45. KM-0014; Cal-114; Nesmith-5d. Weight: 10.11 g. 3 Bars variety. Tied for the finest certified of the variety on the NGC population. This EXTREMELY RARE variety is probably the last iteration of the denomination and is highly desirable. This attractive survivor exhibits a bold strike with good metal quality, though a slight shift from doubling is noticed on both sides. The devices display a light gray tone with rich slate patina in the peripheries and amongst the devices. This seldom encountered issue is a handsome representative of the type and is pleasing to the eye sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2050 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $90,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Impressive Early Philip III Royal 8 Reales, MEXICO. 'Royal' Presentation Cob 8 Reales, ND (ca. 1600)-Mo F. Mexico City Mint; Assayer F. Philip III. NGC EF-45. KM-R44.1; Cal-84; cf. Laz-#33 (Same reverse die, unpublished obverse die). Weight: 27.41 g. The only example certified on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. A lovely dark silver patina coats both sides of this special presentation coin struck about 1600. Design details are full struck up with minor doubling somewhat muddling some of the devices, but is hardly a distraction for this impressive issue. A great example of this EXTREMELY RARE type that is sure to garner much attention from many collectors as the opportunity to acquire such an immense numismatic relic does not present itself often. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Heritage (Long Beach 5/2008) Lot # 52208 (unsold).."

This specimen was lot 2051 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $33,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Enticing Overdate Royal. MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1613/2-Mo F. Mexico City Mint, Assayer F. Philip III. NGC AU Details--Holed. KM-R44.3; Lazaro-38 (plate coin); Cal-876. Weight: 27.12 g. The only example of the overdate certified on the NGC population. EXTREMELY RARE and heavily sought after, this specially prepared coin offers a glorious strike with bold well-defined devices and a clear overdate displaying pleasant tan-silver surfaces. The reverse is particularly pleasing, with every design detail prominent and crisp. As noted on the holder, there is a hole at 12 o'clock, but it does not detract from the overall superior eye appeal of this lovely representative of the type. Despite its shortcomings this impressive example boasts much originality and is pleasing to the eye certain to pique the interest of many advanced collectors. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Purchased privately from Paul Karon."

This specimen was lot 2052 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $16,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Apparently Unpublished Overdate of Philip IV, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 4 Reales, 1615/3-Mo F. Mexico City Mint, Assayer F. Philip III. NGC EF Details--Holed. cf. KM-R37.1 (for basic type); cf. Cal-Type 144 (for basic type). Weight: 13.69 g. The only certified example on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. IMMENSELY RARE and possibly UNIQUE, this appealing and boldly stuck example exhibits exacting detail. Nearly every design element is strong and the overall coin is very attractive. A hole located around 1 o'clock on the obverse accounts for the details designation, but is hardly a distraction for this lovely piece. Despite its shortcomings this handsome presentation coin offers a wholly original appearance with lovely rich patina and minor earthen deposits amongst the devices. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2053 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $78,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Incredible Royal 4 Reales of Philip IV, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 4 Reales, 1643-Mo P. Mexico City Mint, Assayer P. Philip IV. NGC AU-53. KM-R41; Cal-1050; Pelicer-923. Weight: 14.03 g. The only example certified on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. An incredibly pretty presentation piece struck on a somewhat compact heavy planchet with slightly misaligned dies. Nearly every design detail is struck up and like most "Royal Coinage" the cob is round. Rich patina graces both sides of this very eye appealing and EXTREMELY RARE coin with minor earthen deposits amongst the devices and in the crevasses. Wholly original looking and attractive, this beautifully preserved specially prepared issue is sure to excite advanced collectors seeking high caliber numismatic treasures. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Norweb Collection (Christie's New York 5/1985) Lot # 162. Purchased privately from Spink, London."

This specimen was lot 2055 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $204,000. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Magnificent Royal of Charles II, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1699/8-Mo L. Mexico City Mint, Assayer Manuel de Leon (L). Charles II. NGC AU-58. KM-R46; cf. Lazaro-54/55; Cal-625; Guttag-2597 (plate coin); Lopez-Chavez/Yriarte-555 (plate coin). Weight: 27.64 g. The only certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. Bold and beautiful, this impressive representative features an outstanding strike with a minor shift in the legends. Rich and attractive gray patina evenly covers the surfaces and all the design elements are fully struck up. This awesome example is beautifully preserved and is about as nice as one could hope to find in a silver issue. Truly a remarkable piece from a ruler whose coinage is notoriously crude and bar far the worst production quality of colonial Mexico. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: FCC Boyd Collection. Ex: Guttag Brothers Collection."

This specimen was lot 2070 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $31,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Plated in Numismática Española, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 4 Reales, 1719-Mo J. Mexico City Mint, Assayer Jose de Leon (J). Philip V. NGC VF-35. KM-R40; Cal-1070 (plate coin). Weight: 13.43 g. The only certified example on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This nicely preserved presentation coin is well-struck with even wear. The surfaces display attractive rich slate patina with lighter tone atop of the devices and minor earthen deposits in the crevasses. Wholesome and original looking, this survivor is very attractive offering a pleasing appearance and good eye appeal. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2072 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $432,000. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Magnificent Royal of Luis I, Standard Catalog of World Coins Plate Coin, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1725/3-Mo D. Mexico City Mint, Assayer D. Luis I. NGC AU-55. KM-R49 (plate coin); Lazaro-89 (same dies); Cal-40. Weight: 27.28 g. Two-year type. The only straight graded example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This INCREDIBLY RARE and short-lived issue boasts a strong even strike with a minor shift somewhat muddling parts of the legends. Beautifully preserved, this lovely example displays attractive mottled gray patina with areas of richer coloration amongst the devices. The tops of the devices and exposed areas exhibit minor signs of being handled, but was obviously given great care with all parts of the design bold and visible. Close inspection of the monarchs name reveals that the obverse die was repurposed and touched up from a 1723 Philip V issue. Though faint, evidence that this monarch's name and ordinal were punched over the previous ruler becomes apparent; "LVDOVICVS/PHILIPPVS" and "I/V". We are aware that some later presentation issues of Philip V, after he became ruler again, are the opposite where it is Philip over Luis. This intriguing issue offers much originality and is very attractive with good eye appeal, this Royal represents what is likely the best of the best for this date and is destined for a fine numismatic cabinet. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Federico Claveria Collection. Ex: Virgil Brand Collection."

• Mexico 1725/3-Mo D 8 reales Luis I

This specimen was lot 2073 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Seldom Encountered Royal 4 Reales of Luis I, MEXICO. "Royal" Presentation Cob 4 Reales, 1725-Mo D. Mexico City Mint, Assayer D. Luis I. NGC VF Details--Plugged. KM-42 (plate coin); Cal-31; Pellicer-1472. Weight: 13.06 g. Two-year type. One of only four examples of the date certified at NGC, inclusive of both Luis I and Philip V. This EXTREMELY RARE and seldom encountered special presentation issue exhibits a bold even strike with moderate wear. The surfaces display rich mottled gray patina with areas of light coloration in the fields and atop of the devices complemented by a slight iridescent sheen that pops out when tilted in the light. As is commonly encountered on issues of the nature this piece has been holed and plugged at 12 o'clock, now subtlety toned over matching the rest of the coin. Though faint, evidence that this monarch's name and ordinal were punched over the previous ruler becomes apparent; "LVDOVICVS/PHILIPPVS" and "I/V". We are aware that some later presentation issues of Philip V, after he became ruler again, are the opposite where it is Philip over Luis. Despite its shortcomings this popular short-live issue has always been a collector favorite, as are all colonial coinage of this ruler, offering much original and is pleasing to the eye. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Federico Claveria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2125 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Desirable "Star of Lima" 4 Reales, PERU. Cob 4 Reales, 1659-L* MV. Lima Mint, Assayer Francisco Villegas (V). Philip III. NGC EF-45. KM-17 (plate coin); Cal-1014; Sellschopp/Grunthal-77. Weight: 13.89 g. The only example certified on either NGC or PCGS population reports. VERY RARE and attractive, this popular type most commonly referred to as "Star of Lima" is highly coveted and desirable. Original and well centered and struck, this example somehow survived without any distractions or issues and has a lovely circulated-silver look offering much originality. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Sellschopp Collection (UBS Zurich 9/1988) Lot # 158."

This specimen was lot 2126 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $8,700. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PERU. Cob 4 Reales, 1660-L* MV. Lima Mint, Assayer Francisco Villegas (V). Philip III. NGC VF Details--Environmental Damage. KM-17; Cal-1015; Sellschopp/Grunthal-79. Weight: 13.54 g. The only example certified on the NGC population report. EXTREMELY RARE and very popular, the "Star of Lima" types deviate in style from nearly all other cob types both before and after these were issued. This handsome and moderately worn survivor exhibits a decent strike with even wear displaying rich mottled gray tone. The central design elements are visible on both sides with a bold date and minimal doubling. Close inspection reveals areas of granularity accounting for the details designation. Despite its shortcomings a presentable example of the date sure to excite many collectors of this series. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Purchased privately from Mike Dunigan circa late 1970s."

This specimen was lot 2129 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $25,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PERU. Cob 4 Escudos, 1712-L M. Lima Mint. Philip V. NGC MS-61. Fr-8; KM-37; Cal-2006. Weight: 13.35 g. The third finest certified of the date on the NGC population report, only two finer (both MS 63). This wholly original looking minor gold coin exhibits boldly struck central devices with minor doubling. The satiny surfaces displaying lovely a rich golden coloration with minor encrustation amongst the devices adding to its originality and pleasing appearance. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: 1715 Plate Fleet."

• Peru 1712-L M 4 escudos

This specimen was lot 2130 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $8,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PERU. Cob 2 Escudos, 1736-L N. Lima Mint. Philip V. NGC MS-62. Fr-9; KM-36; Cal-1846. Weight: 6.85 gms. The only certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. The beautifully preserved example boasts a strong strike with well-formed devices with minimal doubling. This wholly original looking survivor displays a pale golden coloration with minor earthen deposits amongst the devices adding to its pleasing appearance. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

• Peru 1736-L N 2 escudos

This specimen was lot 2131 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Attractive Lima "Royal" Of Philip V, PERU. "Royal" Presentation Cob 8 Reales, 1722-L M. Lima Mint, Assayer Christobal Cano Melgarejo (M). Philip V. NGC EF-45. KM-R34; Lazaro-18 (same reverse die); Cal-1261. Weight: 26.96 g. The finest certified of the type on the NGC population report, none listed on the PCGS census. This EXTREMELY RARE and desirable type seldom appears on the market and though similar to the Royals of Potosi, the Lima issues are distinctly different. The central designs are virtually identical between the two types, but the obverse legends are totally different reading as "ET YNDIARVM REX ANO 1722". This fantastic looking survivor exhibits a bold even strike on a broad round flan with minimal doubling and even wear. The surfaces display rich old cabinet patina with a slight iridescent sheen that pops out when tilted in the light adding to its pleasing appearance. A truly remarkable example, this lovely presentation coin is a true treasure from the Spanish-colonial era of Peru. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2132 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $14,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Interesting Die Pa[i]ring; Dated For Ferdinand VI, But In The Name of Philip V, PERU. Cob 4 Escudos, 1749-L R. Lima Mint. Ferdinand VI. NGC AU-53. Fr-not listed; KM-not listed; Cal-not listed. Weight: 13.47 g. This EXTREMELY RARE and highly interesting minor gold coin offers characteristics not normally encountered for this issue. The date corresponds to the reign of Ferdinand VI, but the reverse is clearly that of Philip V. We notice that this occasionally occurs on 8 Escudos, but this is the only 4 Escudos that we are aware of with this combination. Struck on a somewhat compact flan, the date is complete and full with a bold cross and castles and lions. Most of the legends are off the flan with the exception of "PVS" which clearly indicates Philip V rather than the normally seen 'FERDINANDVS'. This charming survivor displaying attractive pale orange gold tone with brighter coloration atop of the devices. A real treat for the specialist seeking strange and unusual numismatic treasures to add depth and complement their collections. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2136 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $9,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PERU. 4 Escudos, 1757-LM JM. Lima Mint. Ferdinand VI. NGC AU-53. Fr-21; KM-58; Cal-697. Four-year type. The sole certified example on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. The charming and lightly circulated example boasts a good strike with even wear displaying a even pale golden coloration with hints of luster in the protected areas. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Acquired via private treaty from Mike Dunigan."

This specimen was lot 2137 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,520. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Highly desirable "Rat Nose" 4 Escudos, PERU. 4 Escudos, 1768-LM JM. Lima Mint. Charles III. NGC AU Details--Cleaned. Fr-27b; KM-71.1; Cal-1751. The only certified example of the date on the NGC population report. This VERY RARE and immensely popular issue exhibits a bold strike with well-formed devices and even wear. Close inspection reveals evidence of a past cleaning, now slightly subdued. Despite its shortcoming this handsome example is sure to be a welcome addition to the next collection it enters. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

• Peru 1768-LM JM 4 escudos

This specimen was lot 2138 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $26,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Flashy 4 Escudos of Charles III, PERU. 4 Escudos, 1774-LIMA MJ. Lima Mint. Charles III. NGC MS-63★. Fr-33; KM-81; Cal-1757. The sole certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. Bright and flashy, this lovely example boasts frosty devices and lustrous surfaces, though some of the brilliance is slightly subdued in the exposed areas. Much remaining luster on both sides pops out and catches the eye when rotating in the light. This type seldom encountered in this high state of preservation and is sure to see spirited bidding from advanced collectors. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

• Peru 1774-LM MJ 4 escudos

This specimen was lot 2140 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,080. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Very Rare and Desirable Transitional Bust 4 Escudos, PERU. 4 Escudos, 1789-LIMA IJ. Lima Mint. Charles III. NGC AU-55+. Fr-37; KM-91; Cal-1450. First year of a three-year type. The only certified example of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This EXTREMELY RARE and gently circulated survivor is quite attractive and seldom encountered. The strike is bold with signs of handling consistent for the grade displaying lovely golden honey patina. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Acquired via private treaty from Mike Dunigan."

• Peru 1789-LM IJ 4 escudos

This specimen was lot 2141 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PERU. 8 Escudos, 1790-LIMA IJ. Lima Mint. Charles IV. NGC AU-55. Fr-36; KM-92; Cal-1589. Three-year type struck in the name of Charles IV, but with the bust of Charles III. An ever-popular type, this example boasts a strong strike with signs of handling consistent for the grade displaying even wear primarily contained to the high points and exposed areas. Attractive lustrous gold coloration with areas of pale orange tone amongst the devices and near the edges add to its pleasing appearance and eye appeal. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Ex: Christie's London auction, 26 November, 1981; lot # 528."

• Peru 1790-LM IJ 8 escudos

This specimen was lot 2144 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $. The catalog description^[1] noted, "High Grade Quadruple Excelentes, SPAIN. Cob 4 Excelentes, ND (1476-1516)-K. Segovia Mint. Ferdinand & Isabella. NGC AU-55. Fr-125; Cal-772. Weight: 13.86 g. The finest certified of the variety on the NGC population report. Bright and boldly struck featuring Ferdinand and Isabella facing center with aqueduct mintmark above and value 4 below within an inner circle. Very attractive and well centered, most of the legend on both sides is visible and only the slightest amount of wear keeps this coin from uncirculated grades. A very pleasing example of this tough to locate type destined for a fine cabinet. From the Pat Johnson Collection."

This specimen was lot 2147 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,760. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SPAIN. Cob 4 Escudos, 1594-S B. Seville Mint, Assayer Juan Vicente Bravo (B). Philip II. NGC AU-58. Fr-158; Cal-898. Weight: 13.52 g. Frosty and lustrous, this handsome example is well centered and struck up showing a bold full four digit date, mint mark and assayers letters. Quite SCARCE, especially in the state of preservation. A lovely example of the type that is sure to please. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Acquired via private treaty from Mike Dunigan."

This specimen was lot 2148 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SPAIN. Cob 4 Escudos, 1655-S R. Seville Mint, Assayer R. Philip IV. NGC MS-61. Fr-203; KM-56.2; Cal-1889. Weight: 13.21 gms. Bright and attractive, this example represents a SCARCE issue and is the lone coin authenticated by NGC. This crudely struck piece exhibits a complete shield, cross and full four digit date with plenty of remaining luster. From the Pat Johnson Collection. Acquired via private treaty from Mike Dunigan."

This specimen was lot 2196 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,480. The catalog description^[1] noted, "COLOMBIA. Escudo, 1757-NR S. Nuevo Reino Mint. Ferdinand VI. NGC Unc Details--Obverse Damage. Fr-21; KM-29.1; Cal Type-67#230. Restrepo-Unlisted. EXTREMELY RARE, this 1757 dated Escudo with the 'S' assayer went unlisted when Jorge Restrepo published his compendium on the coinage of Colombia. It was missing from landmark offerings such as Norweb and The Eldorado Collection as well, with the only previous public appearance we're aware of being this coin, which surfaced in a 2015 Cayon sale. Retaining full details, however a bit granular in appearance, suggesting it sustained long-term salt water exposure; this appearance is likely a clue that gives insight to the issue's great rarity. For the specialist, a pivotal opportunity, as the chance to acquire this issue may not come again in one's lifetime."

• Colombia 1757-NR S escudo

This specimen was lot 2247 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,920. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ECUADOR. Real, 1837-QUITO FP. Quito Mint. PCGS MS-62. KM-20; Seppa/Anderson-EC35; Carr-29. Variety with transposed obverse and reverse legends. The single finest certified of the date on either the NGC or PCGS population reports, for either legend variety. Vastly superior than normally encountered and should be considered EXTREMELY RARE is this elite state of preservation. This wholly original looking minor silver issue boasts boldly struck devices with smooth surfaces displaying rich mottled earthen hued patina. Usually encountered in well worn conditions with problems that when pieces of high quality appear they demand much attention and consideration. This lovely little minor coin offers much originality is and pleasing to the eye worthy of a premium bid from advanced collectors. It is interesting to note that in the 2002 UBS auction they stated "The second-best piece VF/EF sold by Almeida with luster in 1981 for c. $1800.-. This specimen is far better than the Almeida coin. Full, sharp strike, nice rims, unmarked fields and attractive luster." Ex: Coins of Ecuador - A Special Collection (UBS Zurich 9/2002) Lot # 4498."

This specimen was lot 2258 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $79,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Excessively Rare Proof Ecuadorian Sucre, ECUADOR. Sucre, 1888-HEATON. Heaton Mint. NGC PROOF-66 Cameo. KM-53.1. Seppa/Anderson-Not Listed; CARR-206. An excessively rare proof striking, the 2002 UBS catalog lists this as one of two examples known, and Krause does not even record a proof striking of this type. Once part of the Norweb collection, this piece has been well maintained by its prior owners. Beautiful fields present evidence of die polishing, and the sharply struck devices host some mottled copper, mauve, and electric blue toning. A fantastic piece, this example may well be the highest summit of Sucre-era Ecuadorian coinage ever produced. Ex: UBS (9/2002) Lot #4598. Ex: Norweb Collection (Christie's - 11/1985) Lot #823. Ex: Auction Paramount (8/1975) Lot #135."

• Ecuador 1888-H sucre

This specimen was lot 2264 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $8,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ESSEQUIBO & DEMERARY. 1/2 Guilder, 1809. London Mint. George III. PCGS MS-64. KM-5. A magnificent near-Gem, this silver minor shows variegated brown tone atop underlying surfaces that contain obvious electric brilliance. Considering the well-known elusiveness of high grade items from this country, a coin that is unsurprisingly the single finest graded by either PCGS or NGC. As such, this piece should certainly be a stand out for the collector focused on Latin American issues or those stuck under the auspices of British rule."

This specimen was lot 2265 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,280. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ESSEQUIBO & DEMERARY. 1/2 Guilder, 1816. London Mint. George III. PCGS MS-64. KM-12; Prid-16. Tied for finest certified with two other examples on either the NGC or PCGS population reports. This well struck near-Gem example has an attractive silvery luster and is generally free from contact. Some mottled golden tone is present which washes out to the general silver luster."

This specimen was lot 2269 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,120. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ESSEQUIBO & DEMERARY. 1/2 Guilder, 1832. London Mint. William IV. NGC MS-64. KM-18; Prid-17. This scintillating near-Gem example offers old cabinet toning on beautifully struck surfaces. An exceptional stunner that radiates when cradled back and forth in one's hand."

This specimen was lot 2282 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,760. The catalog description^[1] noted, "MEXICO. Cob Real, ND (1542-55)-L M. Mexico City Mint. Carlos & Johanna. NGC MS-63. KM-9; Nesmith-80a; Cal-73. A beautifully preserved example of the type with boldly struck central devices exhibiting lovely rich old envelope patina with a slight iridescent sheen that pops out when rotated in the light. Vastly superior than normally encountered and as such should be considered VERY RARE in this state of preservation. From the Cardinal Collection Educational Foundation."

This specimen was lot 2314 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,840. The catalog description^[1] noted, "MEXICO. 8 Reales, 1829-Pi JS. San Luis Potosi Mint. NGC MS-64. KM-377.12; DP-Pi04. This example is commendable on a state of preservation and a strong strike that are elusive for early Republic 8 Reales. A silvery-white luster coats this piece, with just one splotch of golden tone that is well placed on the cap. Light friction in the fields is the only thing withholding this example from an even higher mark, but given that this is the second highest graded example from NGC, it is hard to lodge any complaint against this near-Gem example."

• Mexico 1829-Pi JS 8 reales

This specimen was lot 2359 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,100. The catalog description^[1] noted, "NICARAGUA. 25 Centavos, 1956. London Mint. PCGS PROOF-66 Deep Cameo. KM-18.1. A VERY RARE proof striking, this coin represents a beautiful issue of Nicaragua that is free from spots or hairline. Certain to be desired by the many collectors of Latin American coins."

• Nicaragua 1956 25 centavos 5 g, copper-nickel, 23 mm diameter, struck 1939, 1946, 1950-56. m. 3,000,000 + proofs.

This specimen was lot 2371 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $660. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. Caracas. 1/4 Real, 1805. Charles IV. NGC VG Details--Environmental Damage. KM-C2; Stohr-2. An EXTREMELY RARE early copper issue, this example shows evidence of environmental damage like virtually all survivors, however the resulting surface granularity is even across the coin. Rather importantly, the designs are also pleasingly presented, with an exceptionally bold '5' in the date. As such, an important coin, fit for any advanced collection that contains Venezuela's earliest coinage. In order to deal with the money shortage in the Captaincy General of Venezuela, Spanish royalists began striking low denomination copper coins (1/4 and 1/8 Reals) in Caracas in 1802. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2379 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,080. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. Caracas. Real, 1820-BS. Caracas Mint. Ferdinand VII. NGC VF Details--Holed. KM-C5.2; Stohr-10b. Variety without pearls on the reverse. Pierced, as are most examples of this VERY RARE date, with attractive pale gray color on the highpoints which are emboldened by the deeper surrounding tone. As a type, struck from 1817 to 1821, and far more difficult to locate than the 2 Reales of the same period. This example, when it appeared at auction in April 2015, brought $2,115 at that time. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2382 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. Centavo, 1843. London Mint. NGC AU-58. KM-Y3.1; Stohr-18. Briefly circulated, the surfaces remain well-defined and pleasingly smooth with rich reddish-brown coloration over both sides. For the collector interested in die varieties, an interest die crack is noted within the upper portions of Liberty's cap. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2383 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. Centavo, 1858-HEATON. Heaton Mint. NGC SPECIMEN-65 Red Brown. KM-Y7. "LIBERTAD" incuse variety. Perfectly struck with reflective fields that glow with nearly full red coloration. The edges are plain unlike the circulated issues that show oblique milling, and a result, considered a pattern by some. RARE in this quality with only one piece graded finer at NGC in the Red Brown tier with none at the Brown or Red tiers surpassing this coin in technical quality. From the Centuria Collection."

• Venezuela 1858-H centavo

This specimen was lot 2387 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. 20 Centavos, 1876-A. Paris Mint. NGC AU Details--Surface Hairlines. KM-Y14; Stohr-34. The final date of a RARE two-year issue. Nearly fully detailed with significant luster and traces of light hairlines over the surfaces. Among the best detailed examples we have seen come too market with two Mint State examples that appeared in Europe in 2010 being the only exceptions. An exciting opportunity for the detail-focused collector as such. The 20 Centavos under the 'Venezolano' monetary system was essentially an equivalent of a Spanish Peseta. From the Centuria Collection."

• Venezuela 1876-A 20 centavos

This specimen was lot 2395 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $5,040. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. 5 Bolivares, 1887. Caracas Mint. NGC MS-61. KM-Y24.1. Extremely difficult to locate in Mint State, this example is awash with a silver luster that cartwheels light in an attractive fashion. Some light signs of handling, though perhaps less than the amount expected for the grade. This completely wholesome crown-sized beauty is sure to enthrall the legions of adherents to Venezuelan issues. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2406 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $552. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. 2 Bolivares, 1889. Caracas Mint. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, EF Details. KM-Y23; Stohr-48. A VERY RARE date from an incredibly low mintage of only 50,000 pieces. While seen infrequently, most survivors show extensive circulation, qualifying them for Very Fine or lesser grades. In contrast, the highpoint detail is quite sharp on this example, presenting full segmentation through Bolivar's hair and within the reverse shield. The surfaces, a light gray in color, display evidence of past cleaning with some intermittent micro-roughness. Despite the past handling, a coin that easily qualifies as the second best example (the best being a NGC-graded AU-58 that brought $47,000 in 2014) within archived auctions results that date back nearly two decades. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2407 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it did not sell. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. 2 Bolivares, 1900. Paris Mint. NGC AU-55. KM-Y23; Stohr-63. Showcasing unusual originality, this impressive, delicately circulated 2 Bolivares retains captivating reflectivity in the fields with a sheath of olive-brown tone over both sides that contains integrated multicolored iridescence hues. Even when encountered in finer certified grades (which occurs very infrequently) seldom do examples of this date rival this coin in terms of appearance. From the Centuria Collection."

This specimen was lot 2410 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,080. The catalog description^[1] noted, "VENEZUELA. Bolivar, 1900. Paris Mint. NGC AU-58. KM-Y22. Fully struck and seemingly without wear, this Bolivar immediately impresses with its exceptional radiance. RARE in this certified quality with all the attributes of an even higher grade! From the Centuria Collection."

• Venezuela 1900 bolivar

This specimen was lot 2418 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"AZORES. Azores - Portugal. 2 Tostao (200 Reais), ND (1582). Angra do Heroismo Mint. Antonio I (the Prior of Crato). PCGS AU-50; Countermark: AU Details. Gomes-An.26.01; Museu Numismatico Portugues-1992. Issued by decree of August 1582. Countermark: Falcon with shaped indent. Countermark applied to the obverse of a undated Lisbon mint Tostao of Manuel I. A SCARCE and seldom encountered issue. The countermark is deeply impressed, though slight[ly] obscured by the host design features, on a nicely preserved host coin. The surfaces are relatively smooth with minor earthen deposits adding to its originality and pleasing appearance. This piece has very little evidence of circulation and the rich gray surfaces give this interesting example an antiquated look.

Due to financial hardships and debasement of his coinage Antonio I issued the 1 April 1582 decree decreasing the value of copper coinage resulting in them being countermarked. Later in August of the same year, another decree was issued that raised the value of all gold and silver coinage of good weight and purity then in circulation, mostly of earlier Portuguese or Spanish origins, doubling their value. This was the easiest way to alleviate the monetary crisis, but copper coinage remained unchanged since there was no profit to be made. When later defeated by the Spanish, all debased coinage of Antonio I was confiscated under penalty of death, explaining their rarity today. Antonio fled to France and eventually to Holland seeking help to re-establish his throne, but failed to gain support and ended his days in France on a small pension."

This specimen was lot 2423 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $3,960. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"CUBA. Cuba - Mexico. Peso, ND (ca. 1872-77). PCGS EF-40. KM-R7; ANS-Not listed. Variety A, Short and thick key. Countermark applied to the obverse of an 1873-GoS Mexico Republic 'Balance Scale' Peso. A SCARCE and seldom encountered denomination from this series. The countermark is boldly applied with clear diagnostics of the punch on an attractive and moderately worn host. The surfaces exhibit signs of handling consistent for the grade displaying lovely gray patina with areas of richer coloration amongst the devices and an attractive iridescent sheen. This handsome looking survivor offers much originality and is pleasing to the eye sure to attractive the attention of many collectors

The Key has long been an icon of Cuba for centuries first being used in the Arms of Havana in the 1580s and used in various forms since that time. The island itself is often referred to as the "Key to the Americas" as well as the "Queen of the Antilles". During Cuba's first War for Independence also known as the Ten Year's War (1868-78) the Key was used in what would eventually become the arms of the Republic of Cuba. All known examples of these key countermarks are found on host coins from either Mexico or the United States of America dated prior to the end of the Ten Year's War. Although the exact origins of these key countermarks are unknown, at this time it is the belief of this cataloger that these are a Cuban issue of some nature and as such are of significant historical value to the island."

This specimen was lot 2425 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"CUBA. Cuba - Mexico. 8 Reales, ND (ca. 1872-77). PCGS Genuine--Tooled, VF Details. KM-R3; ANS-1916.999.132. Variety B, long and thin key. Countermark applied to the obverse of an 1877-ZsJS Mexican Republic 8 Reales. A VERY SCARCE mint for this series and a seldom encountered denomination that appears on the market with much less frequency than the minors. Another interesting facet is that the host date appears to be the latest recorded date for series with few examples bearing this date regardless of mint or denomination. The countermark is boldly applied with clear diagnostics to a moderately worn host displaying rich mottled gray patina. Close inspection reveals numerous scratches on both the obverse and reverse accounting for the details designation. Despite its shortcomings a handsome example of the type sure to add depth the next collection it enters.

The Key has long been an icon of Cuba for centuries first being used in the Arms of Havana in the 1580s and used in various forms since that time. The island itself is often referred to as the "Key to the Americas" as well as the "Queen of the Antilles". During Cuba's first War for Independence also known as the Ten Year's War (1868-78) the Key was used in what would eventually become the arms of the Republic of Cuba. All known examples of these key countermarks are found on host coins from either Mexico or the United States of America dated prior to the end of the Ten Year's War. Although the exact origins of these key countermarks are unknown, at this time it is the belief of this cataloger that these are a Cuban issue of some nature and as such are of significant historical value to the island."

This specimen was lot 2435 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,380. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"NETHERLANDS. Holland - Deventer. 28 Stuivers (Florin), ND (1693). NGC AU-58; Countermark: UNC Stand[a]rd. KM-69.2; Delm-1110 (without countermark). 'HOL' within rectangle indent. Countermark applied to the obverse of an undated De[ven]ter 28 Stuivers (Florin) of Ferdinand II. This issue appears on the market with some frequency and can usually be found in well-worn and less than desirable states of preservation. Examples found in Extremely Fine or better are tough to locate with pieces nearing Mint State being few and far between and practically nonexistent. This is the finest survivor of this issue that this cataloger has observed and a real treat for the quality conscious collector. The surfaces display light signs of handling primarily contained to the high points with plenty of remaining luster in the protected areas. A thin veneer of tone with areas of richer coloration add to its pleasing appearance and originality.

During the latter part of the 17th Century, Europe saw many circulating coins that were light in weight. As a result, several of the Dutch provinces required coins to be checked. If found to be of correct weight they were countermarked for that specific province or city."

This specimen was lot 2437 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $20,400. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Extremely Rare Cut 1/4 8 Escudos of Paraguay, PARAGUAY. War of The Triple Alliance. 4 Pesos Fuertes, ND (1864-72). VERY FINE. KM-E2; cf. Pena-6. Weight: 6.49 g. Issued during the War of the Triple Alliance (Paraguay against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay), abolished by Decree 24 February 1872. Cut 1/4 Spanish colonial 8 Escudos of Charles III with oblique edges applied to cuts, stamped incuse "4" in corner of obverse indicating 4 Pesos Fuertes. An EXTREMELY RARE issue with only a couple of known examples, this survivor being a newly discovery piece. The countermark is deeply applied and well defined on a moderately worn host coin with minor earthen deposits amongst the devices and crevasses. The edge cuts, one cut from the obverse and the other from the reverse with a hand applied oblique edge. This handsome example displays an attractive pale gold coloration offering much originality and a pleasing appearance. The two major grading services have declined to certify this piece, NGC as "Questionable Authenticity" and PCGS as "Authenticity Unverifiable", as the incuse 4 stamp differs slightly to the only other published example and as such is being SOLD AS IS/NO RETURNS.

During the War of the Triple Alliance gold and silver coins were cut into 2, 4 and 8 parts to circumvent the small change shortage and to pay soldiers. Several different types are known to have been issued during this time, primarily through merchants or other civilians, with different edges and stamps. It is the opinion of this cataloger that the current example is indeed a legitimate issue of the time. The surfaces exhibit signs of circulation both prior and post mutilation as well the style and pattern of the cut edges."

This specimen was lot 2446 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "PHILIPPINES. Philippines - Mexico. 8 Reales, ND (1834-37). Manila Mint. Isabel II. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, VF Details. KM-128; Basso-56; PNM#6-not listed; PNM#16-257; PNM#21-VIII-77; Cacho-IX-CS-73; Gil-5-4-3-III. Type VI countermark; crowned Y.II. within circular indent. Issued by decree of 20 December 1834, suppressed 31 March 1837 (By Decree of 1 February 1836). Countermark applied to the obverse of a 1824-Mo JM Mexico Republic "Hookneck" 8 Reales, curled snake variety. This ever-popular type is a favorite of many collectors and represents the first series of republican coins struck in Mexico. This SCARCE issue seldom appears on the market, for this date we have only 14 documented example with 4 different crown varieties. The countermark is bold and clear on a moderately worn host displaying attractive gray tone with areas of brighter coloration on the high points. Close inspection of this piece does reveal evidence of a past cleaning, though it is somewhat sedate and hidden by the steely gray surfaces. The countermark is still well detailed and the overall consistency of wear is relatively even and attractive. Ex: Ponterio & Associates, Inc (Long Beach 6/2001) Lot # 1372."

This specimen was lot 2447 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,880. The catalog description^[1] noted, "NEVIS. Nevis - French Guiana (Cayenne). Black Dog (Three Half Pence), ND (ca. 1801). PCGS AU-50; Countermark: AU Details. KM-1; Lec-59; Prid-5. Countermarked "NEVIS" with rectangle border within shaped border applied to the obverse of a 1789-A French Guiana (Colony of Cayenne) 2 Sous. The countermark is boldly applied to a nicely preserved host with plenty of remaining detail. The surfaces are smooth exhibiting light signs of handling displaying lovely rich chocolate brown patina. This highly attractive survivor is far superior to that normally encountered, making it destined to catch the attention of the quality conscious specialist."

This specimen was lot 2448 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $4,560. The catalog description^[1] noted, "SAINT MARTIN. 3 Reaals (18 Stivers), ND (ca. 1817-20). NGC GOOD-6; Countermark: F Standard. KM-12; Prid-Fig. 37. Weight: 3.63 g. "S MARTIN" within shaped indent and bundle of arrows countermarks applied to the obverse of a cut 1/5 Spanish colonial bust 8 Reales presumably of Charles IV (IIII). Both countermarks are well applied, though slightly uneven, on a well-worn and attractive host. The surfaces are smooth exhibiting even wear displaying lovely rich cabinet patina with minor earthen deposits in the protected areas adding to its originality. This cut type occasionally appears on the market and is usually highly contested for by West Indies and world countermark collectors alike. According to Pridmore these issues were a joint venture of the French and Dutch administration authorizing an increase in value of the Dollar from 12 to 15 Reaals. Also, this indicates a later issuance period of 1817-20."

This specimen was lot 2450 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $6,600. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"SCOTLAND. Scotland - Mexico. Renfrewshire. Paisley. Grill Pattern Cancelled 5 Shillings 3 Pence, ND (ca. 1814-15). PCGS Genuine--Graffiti, Fine Details; Countermark: F Details. KM-CC83; Manville-77. Issued by W. Langmuir, Paisley Dollar Society. Bifacial countermark, Obverse: Arms of Paisley, legend around "PAYABLE BY W. LANGMUIR."; Reverse: 5/3 within wreath, legend around "PAISLEY DOLLAR SOCIETY". Applied to an 1804-Mo TH Mexico bust 8 Reales of Charles IIII(IV). A VERY RARE issuer with only 15 pieces known to Manville, this example being a new discovery piece. The bi-facial countermark is boldly applied to a well worn host coin with subsequent grill cancellation. Attractive pervasive rich gray patina with a slight iridescent sheen offers much originality to this seldom encountered issue. Close inspection of the reverse reveals light shallow scratches accounting for the details designation from long ago, now toned over matching the rest of the coin. Despite its shortcomings, this handsome survivor offers a pleasing appearance with good eye appeal.

First noted as a miller in 1810, William Langmuir was active up to at least 1838 as both a grain dealer and miller moving several locations throughout that period. According to Manville the Paisley Dollar Society was not listed in any of the directories or official records that he consulted indicating that this short-lived organization was not around long enough to be recorded."

This specimen was lot 2451 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $7,200. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"TRINIDAD. Trinidad - Mexico. 9 Bitts (9 Shillings), ND (1811). NGC VERY FINE. KM-A13 (plate coin); cf. Prid-3. Issued by local authority of 11 June 1811. Octagonal shaped cut from the obverse on 1794-Mo FM Mexico Bust 8 Reales of Charles IIII (IV). This charming survivor exhibits moderate wear with plenty of remaining details on this usually well-worn issue displaying rich old cabinet patina with an iridescent sheen that pops out when tilted in the light. Additional "T" punches have been applied to the obverse and reverse, struck multiple times. There are no known official documents that pertain to these additional markings on dollars. These punches seem to be in imitation of the "T" punch found on the central plugs, but do not match in style of application.

When the authorization was given on June 11th the quantity of dollars to be cut was not to exceed 25,000. The central cutout segments were given a declared value of 1 Bitt (1 Shilling) and were stamped with the initial "T" for the name of the colony. These central cutout Bitts were ordered to be withdrawn from circulation December 1st, 1823. By order of proclamation issued by Sir Ralph Woodford September 14, 1814 the cut dollars were to continue to circulate by tale at 9 Shillings until ordered to pass by weight. The cut dollars and the previous cut minors of the proclamation of February 9th, 1804 were never officially withdrawn. Some of the cut dollar continued to circulate as late as 1860 at a rate of 3 Shillings 9 Pence (90 Cents). Ex: Ray Byrne Collection (Jess Peters 6/1975) Lot # 1178."

This specimen was lot 4388 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $216,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "1584 Riga Ducat of Stephen Bathori, POLAND. Riga. Ducat, 1584. Stephan Bathori. PCGS AU-50. Fr-4 (Latvia; Rare); H-C-7216 (R7); Kop-8099 (R8); Srebra/Zlota-Unlisted; Gum-911. This EXCESSIVELY RARE specimen struck at Riga is the only example to ever be certified by either PCGS or NGC. Only one record of this date and type appears to have reached auction in 2006 with that specimen being holed. Kopicki estimates that there are 2-3 known in existence, with Riga only being under formal Polish control during the reigns of Stephan Bathori and Sigismund III. These elusive pieces simply do not come to market, with this example coming from a 1937 Danish sale and remaining in Salton hands until present. This example has some light wear across the portrait on the obverse and the arms on the reverse. Patches of luster remain on the honey golden surfaces, and this piece is a beautiful problem free example. Sure to spark much interest, this beautiful and RARE piece is magnetic with lore and appeal. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection. Ex: Copenhagen (10/1937) Lot # 1509. Ex: Pilsen Hoard, 1914."

This specimen was lot 4389 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $28,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1589. Danzig Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS MS-63. Fr-10; Kop-7511; H-C-811 (R4). Alluring in beauty, this RARE choice Danzig Ducat dazzles and charms with a blazing luster. Struck exceptionally well, this piece has fields that display a mirror like appearance, giving an almost cameo nature to the strike. A bit of die rust is evident on the portrait of Sigismund III, and some scuffing is noted in the fields. These limited drawbacks are scarcely worth mentioning with the overall beauty and eye appeal of this piece making it likely to draw much fanfare. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4390 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $360,000. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Magnificent 1592 Danzig Medallic 7 Ducats, Featuring Annona and Neptune, POLAND. Danzig. Medallic 7 Ducats, ND (1592). Sigismund III. PCGS AU-55. Fr-Unlisted; H-C-7548 (R5); Dutkowski-182 (R8); Srebra/Zlota-I1.12; Vossberg-626. Weight: 24.41 g. Obverse: Crowned portrait of Sigismund III facing right; Reverse: Neptune seated right on dolphin, holding trident, ship above; Annona seated left facing Neptune with cornucopia and spade; arms of Danzig between.

Some coins are simply exceptional to behold, and this ULTRA-RARE Danzig 7 Ducats medallic issue is the epitome of exceptional. Not much is known with certainty about this issue, beyond its stellar beauty, but what is certain is that it predates 1594, when Sigismund III was crowned the king of Sweden. Lacking a Swedish title, this issue was likely struck at some point in 1592 or 1593, with most sources agreeing on 1592. Sigismund III ruled Poland at the highest point of Poland's European influence. His staunch Roman Catholicism and proactive campaign of counterreformation make him, even today, a controversial figure in Poland's history. His magnificent issues of coins and medals in gold remain among the most popular and desirable issues in the whole bourse of numismatics. This coin appears to have been struck to commemorate Sigismund III's efforts at both navigation and agriculture in his vast kingdom. The nature of the reverse design implies a desire for Poland to have a relationship with both the fertile earth and the mighty waves as epitomized by Annona and Neptune, respectively.

Very few examples of this type are known to have ever reached an auction podium, with an example of the same type, but at higher weight, bearing graffiti selling in 2008. This particular example appears to have originated in a 1930 auction from the Frankiewicz collection sold by Salton's father, Schlessinger, in 1930. The pedigree reaches ever further back to a 1909 Helbing auction Enthaltend Münzen und Medaillen verschiedener Länder des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit: darunter Sammlung polnischer Münzen und Medaillen besonders der Städte Danzig und Thorn [Containing coins and medals from various countries from the Middle Ages and modern times: including a collection of Polish coins and medals, especially from the cities of Danzig and Thorn] Lot #629. Though the coin is plated in this Helbing sale, the plate makes it impossible to confirm it is the same specimen.

This example is fully struck in all the splendor common to Sigismund III gold issues. A rich golden luster remains, with very little evidence of handling present, even on the high points. Given the supreme rarity of this piece, it is probable that this sale may be the only chance in a generation to acquire an example. Such a conclusion is sure to drive major interest, and competition for the piece should be strong. This specimen is reserved for the most advanced collectors and belongs proudly at the head of the finest of numismatic cabinets. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection. Ex. Frankiewicz (possibly Helbing 11/1909, Lot # 629; Schlessinger 9/1930, Lot # 359)."

This specimen was lot 4392 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $126,000. The catalog description^[1] noted,

"Extremely Rare 1599/88 Sigismund III Ducat from Riga, POLAND. Riga. Ducat, 1599/88. Riga Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS MS-63. Fr-5 (Latvia); H-C-Unlisted; Dutkowski-07 (Riga; R7); Srebra/Zlota-Unlisted; Kop-8204 (R8). All Polish gold from Sigismund III is rare, but this Ducat is one of the supreme rarities of the entire series. Probably UNIQUE, this overdate example was struck in Riga which had been a Polish protectorate since 1561. In 1581 Riga was fully subsumed into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth where it remained until 1621, when it fell under the aegis of the Kingdom of Sweden. Given the briefness of time Riga spent as part of the Commonwealth, all gold issues from this period are of the HIGHEST RARITY. In 2000, CNG estimated that no more the 20 pieces from Riga struck during Sigismund III's reign survive.

This example is nicely struck on a wafer thin planchet that shows no signs of circulation or handling. Very little scuffing is evident in the fields or on the devices, which leaves the shimmering golden luster intact. The date shows clear evidence of repunching where the '88' was changed to '99'. This choice example is sure to excite, and the rarity of the piece ensure some amount of rivalry will be present when bidding. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection. Ex: Pilsen Hoard, 1914. Ex: Kieler Collection (Copenhagen, 10/1937)."

This specimen was lot 4393 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $40,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "1603 Bromberg Mint Ducat of Sigismund III, The First Appearance on the Market Since 1930. POLAND. Ducat, 1630. Bromberg Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Repaired, AU Details. Fr-82; KM-49; H-C-1608 (R7); Kop-1414 (R7); Dutkowski-29 (R7). This RARITY from Poland is resurfacing back onto the secondary market for the first time since 1930 when it was sold at a Schlessinger sale of the Frankiewicz collection. Struck in Ducat weight, this piece from late in the reign of Sigismund III may have been a commemorative medal to honor the restoration of the Kingdom of POLAND. This example has clear flaws in the way of some evident repair work and smoothing on both the obverse and reverse. Even such, detail remains strong with an attractive color. Being as scarce as they are, these pieces are desirable in whatever condition they are found in. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection. Ex: Frankiewicz Collection (Felix Schlessinger-9/1930) Lot # 195."

This specimen was lot 4394 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $21,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "A Rare 1609 Ducat from Krakow, Once Part of the Frankiewicz Collection, POLAND. Ducat, 1609. Krakow Mint. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Cleaned, AU Details. Fr-82; H-C-7438; Kop-1405 (R8); Dutkowski-16 (R8). This RARE product of the Krakow mint is a piece that rarely reaches the secondary numismatic market. Issues in gold from Krakow are vanishingly hard to find, with almost no trace of these elusive issues in public auction records. This example does bear evidence of an old light cleaning with some hairlines visible under magnification. Nonetheless, this example has much luster remaining and no effacement of details. About as rare as Polish gold issues come, this example is sure to excite. As with most of Salton's Polish gold highlights, this piece originated in a sale from the Frankiewicz Collection that his father Schlessinger sold (9/1930) lot #193. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection. Ex: Frankiewicz Collection (Schlessinger-9/1930) Lot #193."

This specimen was lot 4396 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $22,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Danzig 1622 Ducat of Sigismund III, A Seldom Seen Type Bearing the Initials of Mint Master Stanislaus Bermann, POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1622. Sigismund III. PCGS Genuine--Bent, Unc Details. Fr-10; KM-5.6; H-C-1447 (R3); Kop-7532 (R4); Dutkowski-123. Mint master's initials are for Stanislaus Bermann, who served at the Danzig mint between 1614-1635. Despite a wavy planchet, this example retains exceptional charm and luster. Beautifully struck, there is nary a hint of wear or marring on the surfaces. These Sigismund III Danzig Ducats are tough to find in any condition, so this example should still dazzle the large number of faithful adherents to Polish numismatics. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4397 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $102,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Potentially Unique 1634 1-1/2 Ducats Issue, POLAND. Danzig. 1-1/2 Ducats, 1634. Wladislaus IV Vasa. PCGS AU-55. Fr-14; KM-Unlisted; H-C-Unlisted; Kop-Unlisted; Dutkowski-255; Kam-224; Mathy-2399 (RRR). Mintmaster's initials are those of Stanislaus Bermann. This EXCESSIVELY RARE 1-1/2 Ducat issue from Danzig is a one of the most unique issues of Polish gold produced. Struck in an a fractional weight, Dutkowski calls these issues 'donative' suggesting they were likely struck as favors or gifts. Such examples are extremely rare, and no other examples from Wladislaw IV's reign have sold at public auction recently. This example is of unknown pedigree beyond Salton, and the thrill of the chase to hunt this information down adds to the appeal. This piece is well struck and only bears light evidence of handling. No waviness in the planchet and no distracting marks, collection or otherwise. A nice sheen and luster remains present. Being quite possibly UNIQUE, this example will entrance the die hard Polish collectors. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4398 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $72,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "1647 Thorn Ducat of Wladislaw II, Assigned a 'Rarity 8' by Kopicki, POLAND. Thorn. Ducat, 1647. Wladislaw II. PCGS MS-63. Fr-58; KM-22.3; H-C-Unlisted; Kop-8306 (R8). Mint master's initials are Gerhard Rogge, who served at the Danzig mint from 1639-56. Another outstanding piece of Polish gold, this Ducat was struck for the Free City of Thorn at the Danzig mint. This example is another ULTRA RARITY with Kopicki assigning it an R8, meaning he estimated that 2-3 pieces were thought to survive. This is the only example ever encapsulated by PCGS or NGC. Bearing an immaculately detailed portrait of Wladisaw IV and the arms of Thorn, this piece is certainly not lacking in beauty. Immaculately struck, and brilliant with luster, the eye appeal of this coin jumps out the PCGS holder. One of the finest pieces on offer in the entire Salton collection, a new benchmark is likely to be set by which all future coins from Thorn will be judged. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4399 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $26,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "A Rare 1654-MW Ducat from the Wschowa Mint, POLAND. Ducat, 1654-MW. Wschowa Mint. John Casimir. PCGS Genuine--Rim Repaired, AU Details. Fr-90; KM-102; H-C-5887 (R6); Kop-1864 (R7). The letters on this piece refer to Münstatte Wschowiensis, the name of the mint. A special Ducat produced at the short lived Wschowa mint, and by that virtue a RARE piece. The Wschowa mint was opened to support an upswing in demand in coinage necessitated to pay Polish troops for the impending and ever present conflicts the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth had with Sweden. Very few Ducats from this mint survive today and are desirable in any condition they come in. PCGS notes a rim repair that is most evident at 6 o'clock. This repair does not take away from the attractive nature of the piece. Good luster and detail remain evident. A chance for the collector to find a piece from a seldom seen mint. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4400 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $57,600. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Tremendous Mint State 1658-DL Double Ducat from Danzig, POLAND. Danzig. 2 Ducats, 1658-DL. Danzig Mint. John Casimir. PCGS MS-62+. Fr-22; KM-56.1; H-C-10334 (R5); Kop-7675 (R5). Mintmaster's initials are those of Daniel Lesse who served at Danzig between 1656-1685. An amazing RARITY, this double Ducat from Danzig flashes with an attractive and flashy luster. Very well struck and with only light evidence of contact in the fields, this example is the only example to have every been certified by PCGS or NGC. A tough coin to find from an already exceptionally challenging series, this example is sure to draw much attentiveness from those with an advanced Polish coin cabinet. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection.."

This specimen was lot 4401 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $22,800. The catalog description^[1] noted, "A Rare Choice 1658 Ducat of John Casimir, POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1658. John Casimir. PCGS MS-62. Fr-24; KM-41.2; H-C-2104; Kop-7659 (R4). Mintmaster's initials are those of Daniel Lesse who served at Danzig between 1656-1685. Absolutely phenomenal, this RARE example of a John Casimir Ducat is among the finest ever graded. It is the best example that PCGS has ever certified, and is tied with several NGC examples for the second best, with one grading higher at MS-63. Playing host to a crisp strike, the rich detail in the portrait of John Casimir is well illuminated. An almost cameo nature besets this specimen, with dark and entrancing fields. There is some light marking in the fields that is almost impossible to see with the naked eye, and that does nothing to detract from the stunning eye appeal of this coin. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4402 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $31,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "1659 Ducat of John Casimir, The Only Example of the Type Certified, POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1659. John Casimir. PCGS MS-62+. Fr-24; H-C-9810 (R4); Kop-7660 (R4). Mintmasters initials are those of Daniel Lesse, who served at the Danzig Mint from 1656-1685. This excessively RARE Ducat is the only example to have ever been certified by PCGS or NGC, and is a virtual unknown to the secondary auction market this century outside of one graffitied example from a Polish house. This example is set apart by the strength of luster that gives a glistening sparkle, that is largely uninterrupted by contact. The design elements are well endowed with detail resultant from a strong strike. No waviness is present on the planchet with is a sometimes common occurrence. A piece that deserves a special place in the finest of collections. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4403 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $114,000. The catalog description^[1] noted, "Impressive John Casimir 1660-GBA 2 Ducats, From the Mint in Lviv, POLAND. 2 Ducats, 1660-GBA. Lviv Mint. John Casimir. PCGS AU-58. Fr-89; Kop-1910; H-C-5911 (R5). This Polish beauty struck during the reign of John Casimir has an attractive muted look to the surfaces, with more brilliant patches shining through. A slight doubling is visible on the portrait and legends, which is not uncommon for Polish issues from this period. The reverse legend is inscribed with the initials GBA short for Giovanni Battista Amuretti, the leaseholder for the Lviv mint. Very light evidence of wear on the hair of the portrait determines the grade, yet the surfaces remains free from noteworthy marks and nicks. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4404 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $11,700. The catalog description^[1] noted, "POLAND. Danzig. Ducat, 1661-DL. Danzig Mint. John Casimir. PCGS Genuine--Scratch, Unc Details. Fr-24; KM-41.2; H-C-2201; Kop-7664 (R3). This beautiful Ducat from Danzig is ethereal in its beauty. Its delicate strike plays out on beautifully reflective fields that give an almost prooflike nature to this strike. An unfortunate scratch exists behind the bust, even such, this remains an attractive piece of gold from Danzig which always is in demand. A chance at a desirable piece for a price that is more affordable than most. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4408 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $14,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "POLAND. Ducat, 1772-AP. Warsaw Mint. Stanislaus Augustus. PCGS MS-61. Fr-102; KM-195; H-C-5330 (R4); Kop-2509. Mintmaster's initials are those of Antonii Partenstein. Struck in the style of a Dutch Ducat. A breathtaking SCARCE year, this example is the only one to have ever been certified by either PCGS or NGC. Amazing luster remains present, though occasionally interrupted by some bag marking. Some light adjustment marks are present on the reverse. A wholesome sheen and luster bounds light of the surfaces in a magnificent display. A must have for any collection of Polish gold to be considered complete. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4409 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $8,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "POLAND. 10 Zlotych, 1824-IB. Warsaw Mint. Alexander I. PCGS Genuine--Mount Removed, Unc Details. KM-C101.2; Dav-248; Bit-823. Mint master's initials are those of Johann Benicke who served at the Warsaw mint from 1811-1830. This SCARCE piece was limited to a mintage of just 513 pieces. Struck during Russian rule of Poland, this coin had a value of 1 1/2 Rubles in addition to the denominated 10 Zloty. This example has been removed from a mount and is so designated on the PCGS holder. Even still, it retains a charm with no discernable wear on the surfaces and beautiful multicolored mottled tone. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4425 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $2,400. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. Ruble, 1755-CNB RI. St. Petersburg Mint. Elizabeth. PCGS AU-58. KM-C19b.5; Bit-276; Dav-1679; Diakov-339; Sev-1650. This example is the so called "Scott Ruble" type, based on the obverse engraving which was done by Benjamin Scott. The small bust is indicative of a transitional piece with an different engraver for the obverse and reverse dies. This example of the popular type is seldom encountered at this level of preservation, as PCGS has only ever holdered one example finer than this one. Rose highlights shine through the steely gray color, and much mint luster remains present. This example is free from any major marring or nicks that often plague these large sized silver issues. Only the slightest hint of wear is present on the brow of Elizabeth and the Globulus on the reverse. This example serves as a chance to acquire a phenomenal example of a tough date need to complete the Russian Ruble series. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4428 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $13,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. 10 Rubles, 1780-CNB. St. Petersburg Mint. Catherine II (the Great). PCGS AU-58. Fr-129b; KM-C79b; Bit-38. This attractive specimen is a hard issue to find, with only slightly more than a score being registered at NGC or PCGS. This particular example is host to a slightly soft strike, but has an attractive original mint sheen to the gold. A very beautiful and entrancing issue. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 4434 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $19,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "RUSSIA. 5 Rubles, 1860. St. Petersburg Mint. Alexander II. PCGS MS-65. Fr-163; KM-YB26; Bit-6. This Russian stunner is a true head turner. A strong strike impresses a wealth of exceptional detail on delicate mirrorlike fields. Even under a loupe, finding any flaw on the Gem is an arduous task. This example is at the apex of the population reports, with no other specimen from either PCGS or NGC surpassing an MS-65. From the Mark and Lottie Salton Collection."

This specimen was lot 6352 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $80. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AFGHANISTAN. Rupee, AH 1228 Year 25 (1813). Peshawar Mint. NGC Unc Details--Cleaned. KM-727.2. Despite a cleaning, this example retains strong details and is free from any excessive hairlines."

This specimen was lot 6358 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $960. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ARGENTINA. Peso, 1881. Buenos Aires Mint. PCGS AU-58. KM-29. Just the second time we have offered this SCARCE first year type. This is also the finest certified by PCGS. Mostly covered with a pleasing gray patina, the protected areas still show a good amount of original brilliance. This example is sure to excited spirted bidding."

This specimen was lot 6360 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $144. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ARGENTINA. 50 Centavos, 1883. PCGS AU-58. A well struck example with molten gray surfaces and speckled toning throughout."

This specimen was lot 6365 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,680. The catalog description^[1] noted, "ARMENIA. 100000 Dram, 1999. NGC PROOF-67 Ultra Cameo. Fr-4; KM-102. Mintage: 1,000. Struck to commemorate Noah's descent from Mt. Ararat. A brilliant Proof with mirrored fields and frosted cameo devices, a bit of haze in the fields, and a coppery golden color."

This specimen was lot 6375 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $552. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. Sovereign, 1886-S. Sydney Mint. Victoria. PCGS MS-61. Fr-11; S-3858E; KM-6. St. George and the dragon type. Fully blazing and Mint State, with a charming degree of luster."

This specimen was lot 6378 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $660. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. Sovereign, 1891-S. Sydney Mint. Victoria. NGC MS-62. Fr-19; S-3868C; KM-10. A well struck example with minimal signs of handling in the fields and a vibrant yellow gold luster throughout."

This specimen was lot 6379 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $528. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. Sovereign, 1902-S. Sydney Mint. Edward VII. PCGS MS-62. Fr-32; S-3973; KM-15. Retaining good original mint charm, this lovely Sovereign has only a few nicks that prevent it from attaining an even higher grade. From the Runze Collection."

This specimen was lot 6382 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $660. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. Florin, 1931-(M). Melbourne Mint. George V. PCGS MS-65. KM-27. A sharply struck and fully lustrous Gem, with a bare hint of toning."

This specimen was lot 6391 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $780. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. 6 Pence, 1919-M. Melbourne Mint. George V. PCGS MS-64+. KM-25. VERY SCARCE date in mint state. A very frosty and pleasing little near-Gem coin, toned gray with a touch of lilac in the fields."

This specimen was lot 6395 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $240. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRALIA. Penny, 1958-(M). Melbourne Mint. Elizabeth II. PCGS PROOF-65 Brown. KM-56. A boldly struck Proof with full glossy surfaces, medium brown patina, and streaks of faint rainbow toning on both sides."

This specimen was lot 6401 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $240. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 3 Kreuzer, 1643. Graz Mint. Ferdinand III. NGC MS-65. KM-833. An argent and lustrous Gem with some flash in the fields and light gray toning throughout."

This specimen was lot 6402 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $960. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Taler, 1682/78-IAN. Graz Mint. Leopold I. NGC AU-58. Dav-3232; KM-1272. A wonderful overdate specimen, this example is the highest graded coin of its type ever certified by NGC. The underlying "8" is visible with the naked eye, and the "7" can be discerned under magnification. This example plays host to a bold strike and has much mint charm remaining intact on the surfaces. Only faint traces of handling exist on the brow and Hapsburg arms. A truly beautiful example."

This specimen was lot 6404 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $336. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 6 Kreuzer, 1685-SHS. Breslau Mint. Leopold I. NGC MS-64. KM-507 (under German States - Silesia); Herinek-1202. A boldly struck and fully argent coin, with flashy luster in the fields and a bare hint of gray toning."

This specimen was lot 6406 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $336. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Taler, 1822-B. Kremnica Mint. Franz I. PCGS AU-58. Dav-7; KM-2162. A wholesome and pleasing Taler, with some soft luster remaining in the fields, all dominated by gray to dark tan toning. A few very minor die adjustment marks are noted on the reverse."

This specimen was lot 6409 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $80. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. 5/10 Kreutzer, 1885. Franz Joseph I. PCGS MS-65 Brown. KM-2184. A sharply struck Gem with blazing luster and gorgeous dark magenta to electric blue toning throughout."

This specimen was lot 6413 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $360. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. 4 Kreuzer, 1692. Johann Ernst Graf von Thun und Hohenstein. NGC MS-65. KM-277. A pleasing Gem with razor-sharp strike detail, soft luster, and a faintly pearl-colored toning."

This specimen was lot 6415 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,200. The catalog description^[1] noted, "AUSTRIA. Salzburg. Taler, 1788-M. Hieronymus von Colloredo-Waldsee. PCGS MS-63. Dav-1264; KM-462. A well made Taler with molten gray surfaces and a great deal of remaining brilliance. Overall quite lovely in its appearance and worthy of a strong bid."

This specimen was lot 6431 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $1,020. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. Cob 8 Reales, ND (1603-13)-P R. Potosi Mint. Philip III. NGC AU-55. KM-10; Cal-type 164. Weight: 26.81 g. A broadly struck and well detailed coin, with clear mintmark and assayer letter. The obverse is slightly convex and the surfaces toned a gentle light gray."

This specimen was lot 6445 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $780. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BOLIVIA. Cob 4 Reales, ND (1598-1603)-P B. Potosi Mint. Philip III. PCGS VF-35. KM-0004.2; Cal-type 148 #767. A nice example of a sometimes crude issue, this specimen has a pleasing somewhat symmetrical flan shape, with relatively good centering and strong detail remaining. A clear mintmark and assayer's initial "B" remains, and surprisingly little of the design cut off."

This specimen was lot 6474 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $60. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BRAZIL. 160 Reis, 1795-(L). Lisbon Mint. Maria I. NGC EF Details--Cleaned. KM-220.1; LDMB-P346. A sharply detailed and largely untoned coin, with light hairlines visible on both sides."

This specimen was lot 6501 in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $288. The catalog description^[1] noted, "BRAZIL. 500 Reis, 1861. Rio de Janeiro Mint. Pedro II. PCGS MS-65. KM-464. An attractive and well struck example with full cartwheel luster. Presenting with an alluring russet toning that is mostly prominent near the peripheries. It is no surprise that this is the finest certified example at PCGS."

This specimen was lot in Stack's Bowers NYINC sale (New York, January 2022), where it sold for $. The catalog description^[1] noted, "."