France 1761-A ecu - Revision history

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016. * Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964." to "* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964. * Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016."

2024-09-17T16:58:26Z

Text replacement - "* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016. * Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964." to "* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964. * Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016."

LatinKing2020: added link

2023-09-30T21:51:24Z

added link

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "-Pau ''demi-écu au bandeau''" to " ''demi-écu au bandeau du Béarn''"

2023-08-17T18:42:43Z

Text replacement - "-Pau ''demi-écu au bandeau''" to " ''demi-écu au bandeau du Béarn''"

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "* 1761-W ''demi-écu au bandeau'' * [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu"

2023-07-09T17:11:00Z

Text replacement - "* [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu" to "* 1761-W ''demi-écu au bandeau'' * [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu"

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "Dr/4 no. " to "Dr/4 № "

2023-06-07T16:19:33Z

Text replacement - "Dr/4 no. " to "Dr/4 № "

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "Dr/2 no. " to "Dr/2 № "

2023-06-06T21:04:49Z

Text replacement - "Dr/2 no. " to "Dr/2 № "

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "* 1761-BB ''double louis d'or au bandeau'' * [[France 1761-Pau 2 louis d'or"

2022-02-04T19:20:47Z

Text replacement - "* [[France 1761-Pau 2 louis d'or" to "* 1761-BB ''double louis d'or au bandeau'' * [[France 1761-Pau 2 louis d'or"

LatinKing2020: Text replacement - "return to French Royal coinage (to 1793)" to "return to French royal coinage (to 1793)"

2021-03-28T06:23:24Z

Text replacement - "return to French Royal coinage (to 1793)" to "return to French royal coinage (to 1793)"

Pastakhov: This page contains material from http://www.coinfactswiki.com/wiki/France_1761-A_ecu

2021-01-16T00:29:04Z

This page contains material from http://www.coinfactswiki.com/wiki/France_1761-A_ecu

New page

[[Image:France 1761A ecu obv DSLR.jpg|300px|thumb|from the Mountain Groan Collection]]
[[Image:France 1761A ecu rev DSLR.jpg|300px|thumb]]
[[Image:France 1761A ecu date DSLR.jpg|300px|thumb|close up of the date]]

This specimen is an ''écu au bandeau'' of Louis XV struck in 1761 at the Paris mint. The conspicuous overdate, 1761/0, is listed in the SCWC but not in Droulers.

''Après nous, le déluge''.—Louis XV (1710-1774).

According to legend, Louis is alleged to have quipped, “After us, the flood,” predicting the collapse of the regime after his death. He was more likely expressing despair at his many defeats at the hands of Frederick the Great.

The long reign of Louis XV (1715-74) saw many coin types come and go. The first part of the reign, while Louis was a child, was a period of monetary confusion and manipulation. The reforms of Cardinal Fleury (1726) stabilized the fiscal situation until the total collapse at the eve of the Revolution. Numismatically, this period can be divided into three epochs, marked by the ''écu aux branches d’olivier'' (1726-40), the ''écu au bandeau'' (1740-72) and the ''écu à la vielle tête'' (1770-74). This specimen belongs to the middle period.

'''''The écu au bandeau.'''''

The iconic coin of the period is the ''écu'', struck in large numbers at twenty-nine mints. Clairand[2] estimates 195 million were struck 1726-74, a number which must rival the production of pesos in Spanish American mints. Its divisions were the ½, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 écu, struck in modest quantities. The écu was worth $1.10 in the USA before the Civil War.

The ''écu au bandeau'' is the most popular coin of the ancien regime among collectors. Alhéritière and Deswelle[1] reported 575 dates for this type in 2004; three more have been published since. An additional 215 dates may exist; records show they were minted but no one has found one. Four dates are known which the archives state should not exist. Of these only two dozen or so are classed as common (20 or more examples known), while 481 dates are known from five or fewer examples. The 1761A is listed therein as "frequent" (between 6 and 19 known).

'''Mints and Mintmarks.'''

Most of the mints were in small towns, operated to provide patronage for local politicians. In gold, Paris, Strasbourg, Lille and Pau were the most important; in silver, Bayonne, Paris, Pau, Aix and Rennes predominated. France has little bullion ore within its boundaries, so most of the silver came from melted foreign coin, especially Spanish. The gold to silver ratio in [[France]] was 14.5:1, favoring silver.

Mintmarks:
* A Paris
* AA Metz
* B Rouen
* BB Strasbourg
* C Caen
* CC Besancon
* D Lyon
* E Tours
* G Poitiers
* H La Rochelle
* I Limoges
* K Bordeaux
* L Bayonne
* M Toulouse
* N Montpellier
* O Riom
* P Dijon
* Q Perpignan
* R Orléans
* S Reims
* T Nantes
* V Troyes
* W Lille
* X Amiens
* Y Bourges
* Z Grenoble
* 9 Rennes
* & Aix
* cow Pau

''Recorded mintage:'' 342,378 (better than common but not rare).

''Specification:''
* Obverse: LUD.XV.D.G.FR ET NAV. REX. (for Pau, NA.RE. BD), king’s head left, hair tied with a ribbon;
* reverse: SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTUM (date), oval shield of [[France]], crowned, between two olive branches tied with ribbon, mintmark below; edge lettered DOMINE SALVUM FAC REGEM.
* composition: silver, 11 ''deniers'' (.917 fine), 8.3 pieces to the mark (29.488 g), face value 6 ''livres'', 39 mm diameter. Engraved by Joseph-Charles Röettiers.

''Catalog reference:'' [[Silver crowns by Davenport number|Dav-1331]], Dr/4 no. 820, Dr/2 no. 584, KM 512.1.

''[[Bibliography|Sources:]]''
* [1]Alhéritière, Edouard, and Ludovic Deswelle, "Les écus de Louis XV de bandeau: point de situation," ''Numismatique et Change'', No. 349 [Mai 2004], pp. 61-63.
* [2]Clairand, Armand, ''Monnaies de Louis XV, Le temps de la Stabilité Monetaire, 1726-1774,'' Paris: Maison Platt, 1996.
* Droulers, Frédéric, ''Répertoire General des Monnaies de Louis XIII à Louis XVI (1610-1792), 4e édition.'' Paris: AFPN, 2009.
* Duplessy, Jean, ''Les Monnaies Françaises Royales de Hugues Capet à Louis XVI (987-1793), Tome II, 2e édition'', Paris: Maison Platt, 1999.
* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964.

''Link to:''
* [[France 1760-C ecu|1760-C ''écu au bandeau'']]
* [[France 1761-A 2 sols|1761-A ''double sol aux 2 L couronnés'']]
* [[France 1761-A 1/20 ecu|1761-A ''vingtième d'écu au bandeau'']]
* [[France 1761-A 1/10 ecu|1761-A ''dixième d'écu au bandeau'']]
* [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu|1761-Pau ''demi-écu au bandeau'']]
* [[France 1761-R ecu|1761-R ''écu au bandeau'']]
* [[France 1761-Pau 2 louis d'or|1761 ''double louis d'or au bandeau du Béarn'']]
* [[France 1762-W ecu|1762-W ''écu au bandeau'']]
* [[Coins and currency dated 1761]]
* return to French [[Royal coinage (to 1793)]]

[[Category:Silver ecus of France]][[Category: Selections from the Mountain Groan Collection]]

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 * [[France 1761-A 1/10 ecu|1761-A ''dixième d'écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[France 1761-W 1/2 ecu|1761-W ''demi-écu au bandeau'']]
-* [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu|1761-Pau ''demi-écu au bandeau'']]
+* [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu|1761 ''demi-écu au bandeau du Béarn'']]
 * [[France 1761-R ecu|1761-R ''écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[France 1761-BB 2 louis d'or|1761-BB ''double louis d'or au bandeau'']]

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 * composition: silver, 11 ''deniers'' (.917 fine), 8.3 pieces to the mark (29.488 g), face value 6 ''livres'', 39 mm diameter. Engraved by Joseph-Charles Röettiers.
-''Catalog reference:'' [[Silver crowns by Davenport number|Dav-1331]], Dr/4 no. 820, Dr/2 № 584, KM 512.1.
+''Catalog reference:'' [[Silver crowns by Davenport number|Dav-1331]], Dr/4 № 820, Dr/2 № 584, KM 512.1.
 ''[[Bibliography|Sources:]]''

@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 * Droulers, Frédéric, ''Répertoire General des Monnaies de Louis XIII à Louis XVI (1610-1792), 4e édition.''  Paris: AFPN, 2009.
 * Duplessy, Jean, ''Les Monnaies Françaises Royales de Hugues Capet à Louis XVI (987-1793), Tome II, 2e édition'', Paris: Maison Platt, 1999.
-* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
+* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964.
-* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964.
+* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
 ''Link to:''

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 ''Link to:''
 * [[France 1760-C ecu|1760-C ''écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[France 1761-A 2 sols|1761-A ''double sol aux 2 L couronnés'']]

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 * [[France 1761-Pau 1/2 ecu|1761-Pau ''demi-écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[France 1761-R ecu|1761-R ''écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[France 1761-Pau 2 louis d'or|1761 ''double louis d'or au bandeau du Béarn'']]
 * [[France 1762-W ecu|1762-W ''écu au bandeau'']]

@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 * [[France 1762-W ecu|1762-W ''écu au bandeau'']]
 * [[Coins and currency dated 1761]]
-* return to French [[Royal coinage (to 1793)]]
+* return to [[French royal coinage (to 1793)]]
 [[Category:Silver ecus of France]][[Category: Selections from the Mountain Groan Collection]]