File:JE149-0728.jpg - Revision history

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2022-01-16T02:21:07Z

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2022-01-15T00:53:42Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:21, 16 January 2022
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−	* Cuhaj, George S., and Thomas Michael, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700, 6th ed.'', Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2014.
−	* Michael, Thomas, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, 7th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2016.
−	* Michael, Thomas, and Tracy L. Schmidt, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2001-Date, 13th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2018.
−	* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1600-1700,'' Galesburg, IL, 1974.
−	* Davenport, John S., ''European Crowns, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1964.
−	* Davenport, John S., ''German Talers, 1700-1800, 2nd Ed.,'' London: Spink & Son, 1965.
−	* Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg, ''Gold Coins of the World, From Ancient Times to the Present, 9th ed.,'' Clifton, NJ: Coin and Currency Institute, 2017.
	* <sup>[1]</sup>Elsen, Philippe, et al., ''Vente Publique 149: Monnaies, Médailles et Décorations,'' Brussels: Jean Elsen et ses Fils S.A., 2021.		* <sup>[1]</sup>Elsen, Philippe, et al., ''Vente Publique 149: Monnaies, Médailles et Décorations,'' Brussels: Jean Elsen et ses Fils S.A., 2021.

	as of 12-12-21, 1 euro = US$1.1286. with buyer's fee, 100 euro bid = $135.43.		as of 12-12-21, 1 euro = US$1.1286. with buyer's fee, 100 euro bid = $135.43.
−
−	~~[[Category:Selections from Jean Elsen sale 149]]~~
−
−	This specimen was lot 1197 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,100 (about US$1,490 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, HAUT PALATINAT (OBERPFALZ), Friedrich II (1508-1556), AR Guldiner, 1548, Neumarkt. D/ B. cour. de l'électeur de f., ten. une épée et un gl. cr. R/ Heaume cimé d'un lion au-dessus de trois écussons (Palatinat et Bavière). Götz 166; Schulten 2731; Dav-9627. 28,74 g Rare Belle patine. Très Beau à Superbe.'' ([[Germany]], upper Palatinate, Frederick II, 1508-56, silver guldiner of 1548, Neumarkt mint. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Pfalz 1548 guldiner Dav-9627]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1207 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €300 (about US$406 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, KAUFBEUREN, Ville, AR Taler, 1542. Au titre de Charles Quint. D/ B. couronné et cuir. de l'empereur à d., ten. un sceptre sur l'épaule et la garde de son épée. R/ Ecu échancré. Schulten 1557; Dav-9344. 28,91 g Légère trace de bélière (?). Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], city of Kaufbeuren, silver thaler of 1542, struck in the name of Charles V; reverse: crowned and armored bust of the emperor to right, bearing a scepter and a sword; reverse: arms. Traces of jewelry use, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Kaufbeuren 1542 thaler Dav-9344]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1223 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €340 (about US$461 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, MANSFELD-SCHRAPLAU, Gebhard VII, Albrecht VII, Philipp II et Johann Georg Ier (1540-1546), AR demi-Taler, 1542, Eisleben. D/ Ecu heaumé. R/ Saint Georges à cheval à d., combattant le dragon. Tornau 1025. 14,18 g Rare Griffes. Craquelures du flan au revers. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Mansfeld-Schraplau 1542 1/2 thaler]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1235 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €300 (about US$406 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''. ALLEMAGNE, NEUSS, Ville, AR Taler, 1539. D/ Saint Quirin deb. de f., t. à d., entre les écus de Cologne et Neuss, ten. une bannière. R/ Aigle impériale éployée. Noss 16; Dav-9593. Rare Avec bélière. Beau à Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], city of Neuss, thaler of 1539. Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Neuss 1539 thaler Dav-9593]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1247 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €85 (about US$115 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, POMERANIE, Bogislaw XIV (1620-1637), AR 1/16 Taler, 1629, Stettin. D/ Ecu posé sur une croix longue. R/ Valeur et date dans le champ. Hildisch 363; Olding 233. 2,68 g Belle patine. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Pomerania 1629 1/16 thaler]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1249 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €500 (about US$677 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, POMERANIE, sous domination suédoise, Karl XII (1697-1718), AR 2/3 Taler, 1709, Stettin. D/ B. cuir. à d. R/ Armoiries tenues par deux sauvages heaumés. A.A.J. 233; Dav-771. 17,32 g Fin de plaque. Petits défauts de flan. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of Pomerania, under Swedish domination, Charles XII, 1697-1718, silver two-thirds thaler of 1709, Stettin mint. Obverse: armored bust right; reverse: arms supported by two helmeted savages. Minor planchet defects, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Pomerania 1709 2/3 thaler]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1275 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €120 (about US$163 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, SAXE, Friedrich III, Georg et Johann (1500-1507), AR Schreckenberger (Engelgroschen), s.d., Annaberg. Différent: étoile. D/ Ecu tenu par un ange. R/ Ecu écartelé. Keilitz-Kohl 25. 3,96 g. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of Saxony, Frederick III, George and John, 1500-07, undated silver schreckenberger or engelgroschen, Annaberg mint. Privy mark: star. Obverse: arms supported by an angel; reverse: quartered arms. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Saxony (1500-07) schreckenburger]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1277 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €180 (about US$244 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, SAXE, Friedrich III, Johann et Georg (1507-1525), AR Schreckenberger (Engelgroschen), s.d. (1512-1523), Annaberg. Différent: croisette. D/ Ecu tenu par un ange. R/ Ecu écartelé. Keilitz-Kohl 40; Schulten 3003. 4,08g Belle patine. Très Beau à Superbe.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of Saxony, Frederick III, George and John, 1507-25, undated silver schreckenberger or engelgroschen, Annaberg mint. Privy mark: crosslet. Obverse: arms supported by an angel; reverse: quartered arms. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Saxony (1512-23) schreckenburger]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1278 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €700 (about US$948 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, SAXE, Johann Friedrich (1532-1547), AR 1/4 Talerklippe, 1547. Frappé pendant le siège de Leipzig. D/ Ecu de Saxe sous les lettres H HF K, au-dessus de la date. Keilitz-Kohl 162; Brause-Mansfeld 23, 3; Mailliet II, 8. 8,57 g Rare Uniface. Trace de bélière. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], electorate of Saxony, John Frederick, 1532-47, silver quarter thaler klippe of 1547, struck during the siege of Liepzig. Obverse: arms of Saxony below the letters H HF K, date at bottom. Rare, uniface, mount mark, Very Fine.)"</blockquote> The Ernestine line was the senior branch of Saxon dukes and held the electoral cap until the death of Johann Friedrich in 1547, when the emperor confiscated it and awarded it to the Albertine line. Thereafter, the Thuringian state splintered into the Saxon duchies.
−	* [[Saxony 1547 1/4 thaler]] klippe
−
−	This specimen was lot 1291 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €80 (about US$108 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, SAXE-ALT GOTHA, Johann Friedrich II (1557-1567), AR Schreckenberger, 1561, Saalfeld. D/ Ange de f., ten. l'écu de Saxe. R/ Ecu écartelé. Mers. -; Koppe 110b. 4,07 g. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of Saxe-Old Gotha, John Frederick II, 1557-67, silver schreckenberger of 1561, Saalfeld mint. Obverse: angel facing, bearing the arms of Saxony; reverse: quartered arms. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Saxe-Old Gotha 1561 schreckenburger]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1293 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €80 (about US$108 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, SAXE-COBOURG-GOTHA, Ernst Ier (1826-1844), 20 Kreuzer, 1831, Gotha. J. 261; A.K.S. 78. Nettoyé. Fines griffes. presque Superbe.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Ernest I, 1826-44, twenty kreuzer of 1831, Gotha mint. Cleaned, fine scratches, about Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 1831 20 kreuzer]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1315 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €180 (about US$244 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, WISMAR, Ville, AR Doppelschilling, 1563. D/ Saint Laurent deb. de f., ten. une palme et le gril de son supplice. R/ Ecu parti posé sur une croix longue. Kunzel 78; Grimm 828. 3,73 g Belle patine. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], [[German States, Wismar\|city of Wismar]], silver double schilling of 1563. Obverse: St. Lawrence stands, facing, holding a palm branch and a grill; reverse: divide arms over a long cross. Nice patina, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Wismar 1563 2 schilling]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1316 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €340 (about US$461 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, WISMAR, sous domination suédoise, Karl XI (1660-1697), AR 1/3 Taler, 1697. D/ Saint Laurent deb. de f., ten. une palme et une grille. R/ Ecu de la ville posé sur une croix longue. Kunzel 230B/b; A.A.J. 29. 10,28 g. presque Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], [[German States, Wismar\|city of Wismar]], under Swedish domination, Charles XI, 1660-97, silver one-third thaler of 1697. Obverse: St. Lawrence standing, facing, bearing a palm and a grill; reverse: arms of the city over a long cross. about Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Wismar 1697 1/3 thaler]] = 16 schilling
−
−	This specimen was lot 1352 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,300 (about US$1,761 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, Maximilien II (1564-1576), AR Guldentaler, 1568, Joachimsthal. Pour la Bohême. D/ B. cour. et cuir. à d., ten. un sceptre et un gl. cr. avec la valeur 60. R/ Aigle impériale couronnée, portant sur la poitrine l'écu écartelé de Bohême-Hongrie. Voglh. 73; Dietiker 208; Dav-43. 24,26 g Rare Trace de monture. Très Beau.'' ([[Austria\|Holy Roman Empire]], Maximilian II, 1564-76, silver guldenthaler of 1568, Joachimsthal mint, struck for [[Bohemia]]. Obverse: crowned and armored bust holding a scepter and an orb marked with the value "60"; reverse: crowned imperial eagle supporting the quartered arms of Bohemia and Hungary. Rare, trace of a mount mark, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Bohemia 1568 guldenthaler Dav-43\|1568 guldenthaler, Joachimsthal mint]]
−	* [[Bohemia 1570 guldenthaler Dav-43\|1570 guldenthaler, Joachimsthal mint]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1408 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,600 (about US$2,167 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, TRANSYLVANIE (SIEBENBÜRGEN), Gabriel Bethlen (1613-1629), AR Taler, 1628, Kaschau (Kosice). D/ B. cuirassé à d., ten. un sceptre sur l'épaule. R/ Ecu couronné. Resch 477; Huszar 386; Dav-4723. Rare Légère trace de monture (?). Beau à Très Beau.'' (principality of [[Transylvania]], Gabriel Bethlen, 1613-29, silver thaler of 1628, Kaschau mint. Obverse: armored bust right, holding a scepter to his shoulder; reverse: crowned arms. Rare, perhaps mounted, Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Transylvania 1628 thaler Dav-4723]] also struck 1628? Dav-4718 is a klippe.
−
−	This specimen was lot 1650 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €700 (about US$948 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''FRANCE, COLMAR, Ville impériale, AR florin d'argent (Guldentaler) de 60 Kreuzer, 1575. Au titre de Maximilien II. D/ Ecu de la ville dans un cartouche orné, sous la date. R/ Aigle impériale couronnée. Engel-Lehr 67; Dav-19. 24,16 g Très rare Frappe faible au droit. Nettoyé. Beau à Très Beau.'' ([[France]], free city of Colmar, silver florin or guldenthaler of sixty kreuzer of 1575, struck in the name of Maximilian II. Obverse: city arms in an ornate cartouche under the date; reverse: crowned imperial eagle. Very rare, weakly struck on the obverse, cleaned, Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Colmar 1575 guldenthaler]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1759 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €180 (about US$244 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MILAN, Charles Quint (1535-1556), AR 8 soldi, s.d. D/ Les colonnes d'Hercule sous une couronne. R/ Saint Ambroise deb. de f., ten. un fouet et une crosse. Sans ligne de terre. Crippa 16/B; M.I.R. 289/2. 2,72 g Rare. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Milan, Charles V, 1535-56, undated silver eight soldi. Obverse: the pillars of Hercules under a crown; reverse: St. Ambrose stands, facing, bearing a cross, without exergue. Rare, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Milan (1535-56) 8 soldi]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1763 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €200 (about US$271 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MODENE, Alphonse II d'Este (1559-1597), AR giulio. D/ Aigle éployée, t. à g., sous une couronne murale. R/ Saint Geminiano deb. de f., ten. une crosse et une maquette de ville. M.I.R. 661. Rare Taches. Beau à Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Modena, Alfonso d'Este, 1559-97, silver giulio. Obverse: eagle displayed, head to left, below a mural crown; reverse; St. Geminiano stands, facing, bearing a cross and a model of the town. Rare, stains, Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Modena (1559-97) giulio]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1765 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, NAPLES, Philippe II (1554-1598), AR mezzo ducato, 1575. D/ B. radié et cuir. à d. Derrière, sigle GR. R/ Ecu couronné dans un cartouche orné en forme de coeur. P.& R. 19a; M.I.R. 174. 14,96 g Faiblesse de frappe. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], kingdom of Naples, silver half ducat of 1575. Obverse: crowned and armored bust to right; reverse: crowned arms in heart-shaped cartouche. Weakly struck, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Naples 1575 1/2 ducato]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1781 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €320 (about US$433 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, SAVOIE, Charles II (1504-1554), AR cornuto debole (5 grossi), s.d., Turin. D/ Ecu de Savoie heaumé, cimé d'une t. de lion ailé. R/ S MAVRICIVS T-BB Saint Maurice à cheval à d. Sim. 43/1; M.I.R. 369. 4,92 g Fêlure du flan. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Savoy, Charles II, 1504-54, undated silver cornuto of five grossi, Turin mint. Obverse: helmeted arms of Savoy with a winged lion; reverse: St. Maurice, mounted, to left. Planchet flaw, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Savoy (1504-54) 5 grossi]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1849 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''LIVONIE, RIGA, Période d'indépendance (1562-1581), AR 1/2 Mark, 1565. D/ Un lion dans une porte de ville fortifiée tenue par deux lions. Au-dessus, clés en pal. R/ Ecu de la ville dans un cartouche orné. Kopicki 8053; Haljak 878a. 5,75 g Patine foncée. Très Beau.'' (Livonia, city of Riga, period of independence, 1562-81, silver half mark of 1565. Obverse: a lion in a fortified gate supported by two lions, key below; reverse: arms of the city in an ornate cartouche. Nice patina, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Riga 1565 1/2 mark]]
−
−	This specimen was lot 1905 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €3,200 (about US$4,334 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, GELDERLAND, Hertogdom, Philips II (1555-1592), AV gouden reaal, z.j. (1560-1561), Nijmegen. Zonder titel van koning van Engeland. Vz/ Gekroond bb. r. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild met keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 206-6b; Delm. 626; V.H. 261. Zeer zeldzaam Stempelbreuk op vz. en krasje aan de rand. Zeer Fraai à Prachtig.'' ([[Netherlands]], duchy of Gelderland, Philip II, 1555-92, undated golden real, circa 1560-61, Nijmegen mint. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
−	* [[Gelderland (1560-61) 1/2 real d'or Fr-]]

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 * [[Riga 1565 1/2 mark]]
-This specimen was lot 1905 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €3,200 (about US$ including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, GELDERLAND, Hertogdom, Philips II (1555-1592), AV gouden reaal, z.j. (1560-1561), Nijmegen. Zonder titel van koning van Engeland. Vz/ Gekroond bb. r. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild met keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 206-6b; Delm. 626; V.H. 261. Zeer zeldzaam Stempelbreuk op vz. en krasje aan de rand. Zeer Fraai à Prachtig.'' ([[Netherlands]], duchy of Gelderland, Philip II, 1555-92, undated golden real, circa 1560-61, Nijmegen mint. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1905 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €3,200 (about US$4,334 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, GELDERLAND, Hertogdom, Philips II (1555-1592), AV gouden reaal, z.j. (1560-1561), Nijmegen. Zonder titel van koning van Engeland. Vz/ Gekroond bb. r. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild met keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 206-6b; Delm. 626; V.H. 261. Zeer zeldzaam Stempelbreuk op vz. en krasje aan de rand. Zeer Fraai à Prachtig.'' ([[Netherlands]], duchy of Gelderland, Philip II, 1555-92, undated golden real, circa 1560-61, Nijmegen mint. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Gelderland (1560-61) 1/2 real d'or Fr-]]

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 * [[Wismar 1697 1/3 thaler]] = 16 schilling
-This specimen was lot 1344 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ARGENTINE, AV argentino (5 pesos), 1888. Fr. 14. Petits coups. Très Beau.'' (Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1344 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ARGENTINE, AV argentino (5 pesos), 1888. Fr-14. Petits coups. Très Beau.'' ([[Argentina, gold five pesos of 1888. Minor nicks, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Argentina 1888 5 pesos]]
-This specimen was lot 1352 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,300 (about US$1,761 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, Maximilien II (1564-1576), AR Guldentaler, 1568, Joachimsthal. Pour la Bohême. D/ B. cour. et cuir. à d., ten. un sceptre et un gl. cr. avec la valeur 60. R/ Aigle impériale couronnée, portant sur la poitrine l'écu écartelé de Bohême-Hongrie. Voglh. 73; Dietiker 208; Dav-43. 24,26 g Rare Trace de monture. Très Beau.'' ([[Austria|Holy Roman Empire]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1352 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,300 (about US$1,761 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, Maximilien II (1564-1576), AR Guldentaler, 1568, Joachimsthal. Pour la Bohême. D/ B. cour. et cuir. à d., ten. un sceptre et un gl. cr. avec la valeur 60. R/ Aigle impériale couronnée, portant sur la poitrine l'écu écartelé de Bohême-Hongrie. Voglh. 73; Dietiker 208; Dav-43. 24,26 g Rare Trace de monture. Très Beau.'' ([[Austria|Holy Roman Empire]], Maximilian II, 1564-76, silver guldenthaler of 1568, Joachimsthal mint, struck for [[Bohemia]]. Obverse: crowned and armored bust holding a scepter and an orb marked with the value "60"; reverse: crowned imperial eagle supporting the quartered arms of Bohemia and Hungary. Rare, trace of a mount mark, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
-* [[Bohemia 1568 guldenthaler]] Joachimsthal mint
+* [[Bohemia 1568 guldenthaler Dav-43|1568 guldenthaler, Joachimsthal mint]]
 This specimen was lot 1358 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €170 (about US$230 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, Ferdinand II (1619-1637), AR demi-Taler, 1625, Vienne. D/ B. l. et cuir. à d. R/ Aigle impériale couronnée. Her. 695. 14,20 g Rare. presque Très Beau.'' ([[Austria|Holy Roman Empire]], Ferdinand II, 1619-37, silver half thaler of 1625, Vienna mint. Obverse: laureate and armored bust right; reverse: crowned imperial eagle. Rare, about Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
-* [[Austria 1625 1/2 thaler]] Vienna mint, KM 446, KM 513 or KM 514.
+* [[Austria 1625 1/2 thaler|1625 half thaler, Vienna mint]], KM 446, KM 513 or KM 514.
 This specimen was lot 1408 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,600 (about US$2,167 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''SAINT EMPIRE, TRANSYLVANIE (SIEBENBÜRGEN), Gabriel Bethlen (1613-1629), AR Taler, 1628, Kaschau (Kosice). D/ B. cuirassé à d., ten. un sceptre sur l'épaule. R/ Ecu couronné. Resch 477; Huszar 386; Dav-4723. Rare Légère trace de monture (?). Beau à Très Beau.'' (principality of [[Transylvania]], Gabriel Bethlen, 1613-29, silver thaler of 1628, Kaschau mint. Obverse: armored bust right, holding a scepter to his shoulder; reverse: crowned arms. Rare, perhaps mounted, Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
@@ Line 87: / Line 88: @@
 * [[Colmar 1575 guldenthaler]]
-This specimen was lot 1759 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €180 (about US$244 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MILAN, Charles Quint (1535-1556), AR 8 soldi, s.d. D/ Les colonnes d'Hercule sous une couronne. R/ Saint Ambroise deb. de f., ten. un fouet et une crosse. Sans ligne de terre. Crippa 16/B; M.I.R. 289/2. 2,72 g Rare. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1759 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €180 (about US$244 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MILAN, Charles Quint (1535-1556), AR 8 soldi, s.d. D/ Les colonnes d'Hercule sous une couronne. R/ Saint Ambroise deb. de f., ten. un fouet et une crosse. Sans ligne de terre. Crippa 16/B; M.I.R. 289/2. 2,72 g Rare. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Milan, Charles V, 1535-56, undated silver eight soldi. Obverse: the pillars of Hercules under a crown; reverse: St. Ambrose stands, facing, bearing a cross, without exergue. Rare, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Milan (1535-56) 8 soldi]]
-This specimen was lot 1763 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €200 (about US$271 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MODENE, Alphonse II d'Este (1559-1597), AR giulio. D/ Aigle éployée, t. à g., sous une couronne murale. R/ Saint Geminiano deb. de f., ten. une crosse et une maquette de ville. M.I.R. 661. Rare Taches. Beau à Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1763 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €200 (about US$271 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, MODENE, Alphonse II d'Este (1559-1597), AR giulio. D/ Aigle éployée, t. à g., sous une couronne murale. R/ Saint Geminiano deb. de f., ten. une crosse et une maquette de ville. M.I.R. 661. Rare Taches. Beau à Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Modena, Alfonso d'Este, 1559-97, silver giulio. Obverse: eagle displayed, head to left, below a mural crown; reverse; St. Geminiano stands, facing, bearing a cross and a model of the town. Rare, stains, Fine - Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Modena (1559-97) giulio]]
@@ Line 102: / Line 103: @@
 * [[Sardinia 1835 50 centesimi]]
-This specimen was lot 1849 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''LIVONIE, RIGA, Période d'indépendance (1562-1581), AR 1/2 Mark, 1565. D/ Un lion dans une porte de ville fortifiée tenue par deux lions. Au-dessus, clés en pal. R/ Ecu de la ville dans un cartouche orné. Kopicki 8053; Haljak 878a. 5,75 g Patine foncée. Très Beau.'' (Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1849 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''LIVONIE, RIGA, Période d'indépendance (1562-1581), AR 1/2 Mark, 1565. D/ Un lion dans une porte de ville fortifiée tenue par deux lions. Au-dessus, clés en pal. R/ Ecu de la ville dans un cartouche orné. Kopicki 8053; Haljak 878a. 5,75 g Patine foncée. Très Beau.'' (Livonia, city of Riga, period of independence, 1562-81, silver half mark of 1565. Obverse: a lion in a fortified gate supported by two lions, key below; reverse: arms of the city in an ornate cartouche. Nice patina, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Riga 1565 1/2 mark]]
-This specimen was lot 1877 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,900 (about US$2,573 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''MONACO, Honoré II (1604-1662), Billon demi-sol (1/6 pezzetta), 1648. Rosette initiale. D/ Ecu couronné. R/ Croix ornée, cantonnée de quatre fuseaux. Gad-9. 1,55 g Rare. Très Beau.'' (principality of Monace, Honorius II, 1604-62, billon half sol of 1648, with intial rosette. Obverse: crowned arms; reverse: ornate cross, cantonned with four fuses. Rare, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1877 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,900 (about US$2,573 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''MONACO, Honoré II (1604-1662), Billon demi-sol (1/6 pezzetta), 1648. Rosette initiale. D/ Ecu couronné. R/ Croix ornée, cantonnée de quatre fuseaux. Gad-9. 1,55 g Rare. Très Beau.'' (principality of [[Monaco]], Honorius II, 1604-62, billon half sol of 1648, with intial rosette. Obverse: crowned arms; reverse: ornate cross, cantonned with four fuses. Rare, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Monaco 1648 1/2 sol]]

@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 * [[Naples 1575 1/2 ducato]]
-This specimen was lot 1781 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €320 (about US$433 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, SAVOIE, Charles II (1504-1554), AR cornuto debole (5 grossi), s.d., Turin. D/ Ecu de Savoie heaumé, cimé d'une t. de lion ailé. R/ S MAVRICIVS T-BB Saint Maurice à cheval à d. Sim. 43/1; M.I.R. 369. 4,92 g Fêlure du flan. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1781 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €320 (about US$433 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, SAVOIE, Charles II (1504-1554), AR cornuto debole (5 grossi), s.d., Turin. D/ Ecu de Savoie heaumé, cimé d'une t. de lion ailé. R/ S MAVRICIVS T-BB Saint Maurice à cheval à d. Sim. 43/1; M.I.R. 369. 4,92 g Fêlure du flan. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], duchy of Savoy, Charles II, 1504-54, undated silver cornuto of five grossi, Turin mint. Obverse: helmeted arms of Savoy with a winged lion; reverse: St. Maurice, mounted, to left. Planchet flaw, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Savoy (1504-54) 5 grossi]]
-This specimen was lot 1785 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it did not sell. The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, SAVOIE et SARDAIGNE, Charles Albert (1831-1849), AR 50 centesimi, 1835P, Turin. M. 194; G. 143. Rare Tache au revers. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1785 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it did not sell. The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ITALIE, SAVOIE et SARDAIGNE, Charles Albert (1831-1849), AR 50 centesimi, 1835P, Turin. M. 194; G. 143. Rare Tache au revers. Très Beau.'' ([[Italy]], kingdom of Sardinia, Charles Albert, 1831-49, silver fifty centesimi of 1835, Turin mint. Rare, stain on reverse, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Sardinia 1835 50 centesimi]]
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 * [[Riga 1565 1/2 mark]]
-This specimen was lot 1877 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,900 (about US$2,573 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''MONACO, Honoré II (1604-1662), Billon demi-sol (1/6 pezzetta), 1648. Rosette initiale. D/ Ecu couronné. R/ Croix ornée, cantonnée de quatre fuseaux. Gad-9. 1,55 g Rare. Très Beau.'' (Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1877 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €1,900 (about US$2,573 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''MONACO, Honoré II (1604-1662), Billon demi-sol (1/6 pezzetta), 1648. Rosette initiale. D/ Ecu couronné. R/ Croix ornée, cantonnée de quatre fuseaux. Gad-9. 1,55 g Rare. Très Beau.'' (principality of Monace, Honorius II, 1604-62, billon half sol of 1648, with intial rosette. Obverse: crowned arms; reverse: ornate cross, cantonned with four fuses. Rare, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Monaco 1648 1/2 sol]]
-This specimen was lot 1887 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €220 (about US$298 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Christian VII (1766-1808), AR 1/5 speciedaler, 1803IGM, Kongsberg. A.B.H. 43. Très Beau.'' (Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1887 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €220 (about US$298 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Christian VII (1766-1808), AR 1/5 speciedaler, 1803IGM, Kongsberg. A.B.H. 43. Très Beau.'' (kingdom of [[Norway]], Christian VII, 1766-1808, silver one fifth speciedaler of 1803, Kongsberg mint. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Norway 1803-IGM speciedaler]]
-This specimen was lot 1889 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Oscar Ier (1844-1859), AR 1/2 speciedaler, 1850. A.B.H. 13. Petits coups sur la tranche. presque Très Beau.'' (about Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1889 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €420 (about US$569 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Oscar Ier (1844-1859), AR 1/2 speciedaler, 1850. A.B.H. 13. Petits coups sur la tranche. presque Très Beau.'' (kingdom of [[Norway]], Oscar I, 1844-59, silver half speciedaler of 1850. Small rim nicks, about Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Norway 1850 1/2 speciedaler]]
-This specimen was lot 1890 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €120 (about US$163 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Oscar II (1872-1905), AR 2 kroner, 1878. A.B.H. 17. Très Beau.'' (Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1890 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €120 (about US$163 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NORVEGE, Oscar II (1872-1905), AR 2 kroner, 1878. A.B.H. 17. Très Beau.'' (kingdom of [[Norway]], Oscar II, 1872-1905, silver two kronor of 1878. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Norway 1878 2 kroner]]
-This specimen was lot 1905 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €3,200 (about US$ including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, GELDERLAND, Hertogdom, Philips II (1555-1592), AV gouden reaal, z.j. (1560-1561), Nijmegen. Zonder titel van koning van Engeland. Vz/ Gekroond bb. r. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild met keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 206-6b; Delm. 626; V.H. 261. Zeer zeldzaam Stempelbreuk op vz. en krasje aan de rand. Zeer Fraai à Prachtig.'' ([[Netherlands]], Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1905 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €3,200 (about US$ including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, GELDERLAND, Hertogdom, Philips II (1555-1592), AV gouden reaal, z.j. (1560-1561), Nijmegen. Zonder titel van koning van Engeland. Vz/ Gekroond bb. r. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild met keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 206-6b; Delm. 626; V.H. 261. Zeer zeldzaam Stempelbreuk op vz. en krasje aan de rand. Zeer Fraai à Prachtig.'' ([[Netherlands]], duchy of Gelderland, Philip II, 1555-92, undated golden real, circa 1560-61, Nijmegen mint. Very Fine - Extremely Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Gelderland (1560-61) 1/2 real d'or Fr-]]
 This specimen was lot 1923 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €200 (about US$271 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''NEDERLAND, OVERIJSSEL, Philips II (1555-1581), AR Bourgondische rijksdaalder, 1567. Vz/ Bourgondisch kruis. Kz/ Gekroond wapenschild, omringd door de keten van het Gulden Vlies. G.H. 240-17a; Delm. 96; V.H. 290. 29,24 g Barstjes. Zeer Fraai. Uit onze veiling 106, 11 september 2010, 957.'' ([[Netherlands]], province of Overijssel, Philip II, 1555-81. silver Burgundian rijksdaalder of 1567. Obverse: Burgundian cross; reverse: crowned arms, Order of the Golden Fleece around. Planchet cracks, Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Overijssel 1567 rijksdaalder Dav-8517]] one year type

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 * [[Goslar 1674-CHS 16 gute groschen]] KM 67, struck 1674-75, pretty scarce.
-This specimen was lot 1193 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €65 (about US$88 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, HAMELN, AR 6 Mariengroschen, 1672IB. D/ Porte fortifiée. R/ Valeur dans le champ. Kalvelage & Schrock 265. 5,55 g. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], city of Hamelm, silver six mariengroschen of 1672. Obverse: fortified gate; reverse: value. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
+This specimen was lot 1193 in Jean Elsen sale 149 (Brussels, December 2021), where it sold for €65 (about US$88 including buyer's fees). The catalog description<sup>[1]</sup> noted, <blockquote>"''ALLEMAGNE, HAMELN, AR 6 Mariengroschen, 1672IB. D/ Porte fortifiée. R/ Valeur dans le champ. Kalvelage & Schrock 265. 5,55 g. Très Beau.'' ([[Germany]], city of Hameln, silver six mariengroschen of 1672. Obverse: fortified gate; reverse: value. Very Fine.)"</blockquote>
 * [[Hameln 1672-IB 6 mariengroschen]] KM 73, struck 1668-69, 1672 along with 4 and 12 mariengroschen.