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	<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer</id>
	<title>Bavaria 1621 120 kreuzer - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-07-24T07:59:33Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=463822&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LatinKing2020: Text replacement - &quot;Osnabruck&quot; to &quot;Osnabrück&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=463822&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-11-28T20:12:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;Osnabruck&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Osnabrück&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:12, 28 November 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Bavaria K335-3398.jpg|550px|thumb|Künker sale 335, lot 3398]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Bavaria K335-3398.jpg|550px|thumb|Künker sale 335, lot 3398]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This specimen was lot 3398 in Künker sale 335 (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Osnabruck&lt;/del&gt;, Germany, March 2020), where it sold for €900 (about US$1,178 including buyer's fees). The catalog description&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; noted, &amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;''BAYERN, HERZOGTUM, SEIT 1623 KURFÜRSTENTUM, Maximilian I. 1598-1651. Kipper-120 Kreuzer (Taler) 1621, München. Kl. Schrötlingsfehler, fast vorzüglich. Die Kipper- und Wipperinflation von 1618-1623 gehört zu den großen Geldkrisen der Geschichte und damit zu den numismatisch besonders interessanten Perioden. Wegen des Rückgangs der Silberproduktion und wegen der mit Bargeldabflüssen ins Ausland verbundenen passiven Handelsbilanz des Reiches überschritt der Silberpreis bei weitem den Geldwert des ausgeprägten Talers. Ein in der Augsburger Reichsmünzordnung von 1559 mit 68 Kreuzern bewerteter Taler wurde 1622 mit 270 Kreuzern bezahlt. In dieser Situation gingen zunächst betrügerische Münzpächter, später aber auch bedeutende Reichsstände wie Bayern zur Prägung von geringwertigen Münzen über, die zum Teil nur noch 1/8 des vorgesehenen Silberfeingewichts aufwiesen. Im Jahr 1623 gelang es durch Einzug der schlechten und Ausgabe von guten Münzen, die große Krise schlagartig zu beenden. Die Abwicklung der in der Zeit der schlechten Münzen abgeschlossenen Geldgeschäfte (Kredite etc.) zog sich hingegen noch über Jahrzehnte hin.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of [[German States, Bavaria|Bavaria]], Maximilian I, 1598-1651, kipper 120 kreuzer of 1621, Munich mint. Small planchet defects, about extremely fine. The tipper and wipper inflation from 1618-1623 is one of the great money crises in history and thus one of the most numismatically interesting periods. Due to the decline in silver production and the trade imbalance of the empire associated with cash outflows abroad, the silver price far exceeded the face value of the standard thaler. A thaler valued in the Augsburg Reichsmünzordnung of 1559 with 68 kreuzer was worth 270 kreuzer in 1622. In this situation, initially fraudulent utterers of coins, but later also important imperial principalities such as Bavaria, began to mint low-value coins, some of which were only 1/8 of the intended fine silver weight. In 1623, the bubble burst and the resumed issue of good coins brought the great crisis to an abrupt end. The processing of money transactions (loans, etc.) concluded in the time of bad coins, however, dragged on for decades.)&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt; This type was  struck 1621-22 and is rare. It was probably made in substantial quantities but was melted down in the aftermath of the ''kipperzeit'', or the inflation of 1621-23. The weight standard given below, taken from the SCWC, seems too low compared to the reported weight of the example sold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This specimen was lot 3398 in Künker sale 335 (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Osnabrück&lt;/ins&gt;, Germany, March 2020), where it sold for €900 (about US$1,178 including buyer's fees). The catalog description&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; noted, &amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;''BAYERN, HERZOGTUM, SEIT 1623 KURFÜRSTENTUM, Maximilian I. 1598-1651. Kipper-120 Kreuzer (Taler) 1621, München. Kl. Schrötlingsfehler, fast vorzüglich. Die Kipper- und Wipperinflation von 1618-1623 gehört zu den großen Geldkrisen der Geschichte und damit zu den numismatisch besonders interessanten Perioden. Wegen des Rückgangs der Silberproduktion und wegen der mit Bargeldabflüssen ins Ausland verbundenen passiven Handelsbilanz des Reiches überschritt der Silberpreis bei weitem den Geldwert des ausgeprägten Talers. Ein in der Augsburger Reichsmünzordnung von 1559 mit 68 Kreuzern bewerteter Taler wurde 1622 mit 270 Kreuzern bezahlt. In dieser Situation gingen zunächst betrügerische Münzpächter, später aber auch bedeutende Reichsstände wie Bayern zur Prägung von geringwertigen Münzen über, die zum Teil nur noch 1/8 des vorgesehenen Silberfeingewichts aufwiesen. Im Jahr 1623 gelang es durch Einzug der schlechten und Ausgabe von guten Münzen, die große Krise schlagartig zu beenden. Die Abwicklung der in der Zeit der schlechten Münzen abgeschlossenen Geldgeschäfte (Kredite etc.) zog sich hingegen noch über Jahrzehnte hin.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of [[German States, Bavaria|Bavaria]], Maximilian I, 1598-1651, kipper 120 kreuzer of 1621, Munich mint. Small planchet defects, about extremely fine. The tipper and wipper inflation from 1618-1623 is one of the great money crises in history and thus one of the most numismatically interesting periods. Due to the decline in silver production and the trade imbalance of the empire associated with cash outflows abroad, the silver price far exceeded the face value of the standard thaler. A thaler valued in the Augsburg Reichsmünzordnung of 1559 with 68 kreuzer was worth 270 kreuzer in 1622. In this situation, initially fraudulent utterers of coins, but later also important imperial principalities such as Bavaria, began to mint low-value coins, some of which were only 1/8 of the intended fine silver weight. In 1623, the bubble burst and the resumed issue of good coins brought the great crisis to an abrupt end. The processing of money transactions (loans, etc.) concluded in the time of bad coins, however, dragged on for decades.)&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt; This type was  struck 1621-22 and is rare. It was probably made in substantial quantities but was melted down in the aftermath of the ''kipperzeit'', or the inflation of 1621-23. The weight standard given below, taken from the SCWC, seems too low compared to the reported weight of the example sold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''Recorded mintage:'' unknown but scarce.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''Recorded mintage:'' unknown but scarce.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LatinKing2020</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=406567&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LatinKing2020: added links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=406567&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-05-16T20:04:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added links&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:04, 16 May 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l20&quot; &gt;Line 20:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 20:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284]] kipper&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284]] kipper&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 60 kreuzer|1622 kipper 60 kreuzer]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 120 kreuzer|1622 kipper 120 kreuzer]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 1/2 thaler|1622 half thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 1/2 thaler|1622 half thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 thaler Dav-6065|1622 thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 thaler Dav-6065|1622 thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LatinKing2020</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=333629&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LatinKing2020: Text replacement - &quot;* 1621 &quot;kipper&quot; 40 groschen, Annaberg mint
* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=333629&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-09-17T17:53:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;* &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php/Saxony_1621_40_groschen_KM-281&quot; title=&quot;Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-281&quot;&gt;1621 &amp;quot;kipper&amp;quot; 40 groschen, Annaberg mint&lt;/a&gt; * [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:53, 17 September 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot; &gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1621 30 kreuzer|1621 kipper 30 kreuzer]] = half gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1621 30 kreuzer|1621 kipper 30 kreuzer]] = half gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria (1621-23) 48 kreuzer|(1621-23) kipper 48 kreuzer]] = 12 batzen&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria (1621-23) 48 kreuzer|(1621-23) kipper 48 kreuzer]] = 12 batzen&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-281|1621 &amp;quot;kipper&amp;quot; 40 groschen, Annaberg mint]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284]] kipper&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284]] kipper&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LatinKing2020</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=276206&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LatinKing2020: added link</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=276206&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-03-30T22:52:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added link&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:52, 30 March 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot; &gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1621 30 kreuzer|1621 kipper 30 kreuzer]] = half gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1621 30 kreuzer|1621 kipper 30 kreuzer]] = half gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria (1621-23) 48 kreuzer|(1621-23) kipper 48 kreuzer]] = 12 batzen&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria (1621-23) 48 kreuzer|(1621-23) kipper 48 kreuzer]] = 12 batzen&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Saxony 1621 40 groschen KM-284]] kipper&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 1/2 thaler|1622 half thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Bavaria 1622 1/2 thaler|1622 half thaler]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LatinKing2020</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=45508&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pastakhov: This page contains material from http://www.coinfactswiki.com/wiki/Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://coinvarieties.com/index.php?title=Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&amp;diff=45508&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-01-16T01:56:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This page contains material from http://www.coinfactswiki.com/wiki/Bavaria_1621_120_kreuzer&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Bavaria K335-3398.jpg|550px|thumb|Künker sale 335, lot 3398]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This specimen was lot 3398 in Künker sale 335 (Osnabruck, Germany, March 2020), where it sold for €900 (about US$1,178 including buyer's fees). The catalog description&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; noted, &amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;''BAYERN, HERZOGTUM, SEIT 1623 KURFÜRSTENTUM, Maximilian I. 1598-1651. Kipper-120 Kreuzer (Taler) 1621, München. Kl. Schrötlingsfehler, fast vorzüglich. Die Kipper- und Wipperinflation von 1618-1623 gehört zu den großen Geldkrisen der Geschichte und damit zu den numismatisch besonders interessanten Perioden. Wegen des Rückgangs der Silberproduktion und wegen der mit Bargeldabflüssen ins Ausland verbundenen passiven Handelsbilanz des Reiches überschritt der Silberpreis bei weitem den Geldwert des ausgeprägten Talers. Ein in der Augsburger Reichsmünzordnung von 1559 mit 68 Kreuzern bewerteter Taler wurde 1622 mit 270 Kreuzern bezahlt. In dieser Situation gingen zunächst betrügerische Münzpächter, später aber auch bedeutende Reichsstände wie Bayern zur Prägung von geringwertigen Münzen über, die zum Teil nur noch 1/8 des vorgesehenen Silberfeingewichts aufwiesen. Im Jahr 1623 gelang es durch Einzug der schlechten und Ausgabe von guten Münzen, die große Krise schlagartig zu beenden. Die Abwicklung der in der Zeit der schlechten Münzen abgeschlossenen Geldgeschäfte (Kredite etc.) zog sich hingegen noch über Jahrzehnte hin.'' ([[Germany]], duchy of [[German States, Bavaria|Bavaria]], Maximilian I, 1598-1651, kipper 120 kreuzer of 1621, Munich mint. Small planchet defects, about extremely fine. The tipper and wipper inflation from 1618-1623 is one of the great money crises in history and thus one of the most numismatically interesting periods. Due to the decline in silver production and the trade imbalance of the empire associated with cash outflows abroad, the silver price far exceeded the face value of the standard thaler. A thaler valued in the Augsburg Reichsmünzordnung of 1559 with 68 kreuzer was worth 270 kreuzer in 1622. In this situation, initially fraudulent utterers of coins, but later also important imperial principalities such as Bavaria, began to mint low-value coins, some of which were only 1/8 of the intended fine silver weight. In 1623, the bubble burst and the resumed issue of good coins brought the great crisis to an abrupt end. The processing of money transactions (loans, etc.) concluded in the time of bad coins, however, dragged on for decades.)&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt; This type was  struck 1621-22 and is rare. It was probably made in substantial quantities but was melted down in the aftermath of the ''kipperzeit'', or the inflation of 1621-23. The weight standard given below, taken from the SCWC, seems too low compared to the reported weight of the example sold.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Recorded mintage:'' unknown but scarce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Specification:'' 24.18 g, silver, 40-42 mm diameter, this specimen 29.10 g.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Catalog reference:'' KM 73 or 74, Hahn 78; Slg. Kraaz -; Witt. 839. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Bibliography|Source:]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* Cuhaj, George S., and Thomas Michael, ''Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700, 6th ed.,'' Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2014. &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;Künker Münzauktionen und Goldhandel, ''Catalog 335: Bracteates from Upper Swabia and the area of the Lake Constance | Coins and Medals from Medieval and Modern Times, a. o. the Dr. Karl Walter Bach Collection of coins of the Austrian nobility, Special collections of Bavaria, Lubeck, Wurttemberg as well as siege coins from the Eberhard Link Collection.'' Osnabrück: Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH &amp;amp; Co., AG, 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Link to:''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria 1620 thaler Dav-6064A]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria 1621 30 kreuzer|1621 kipper 30 kreuzer]] = half gulden&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria (1621-23) 48 kreuzer|(1621-23) kipper 48 kreuzer]] = 12 batzen&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria 1622 15 kreuzer|1622 kipper 15 kreuzer]] = quarter gulden&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria 1622 1/2 thaler|1622 half thaler]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bavaria 1622 thaler Dav-6065|1622 thaler]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Coins and currency dated 1621]]&lt;br /&gt;
* return to coins of [[German States, Bavaria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Silver thalers of Germany]][[Category:Selections from Kunker sale 335, 336]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pastakhov</name></author>
	</entry>
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